etc.) it has been demonstrated that accelerating log-periodic oscillations superimposed over an explosive growth trend that is described with a power-law function with a singularity (or quasi-singularity) in a finite moment of time C t , are observed in situations leading to crashes and catastrophes. They can be analyzed because their precursors allow the forecasting of such events. One can mention such examples as the log-periodic oscillations of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) that preceded the crash of 1929 (e.g., Sornette, Johansen 1997), or the changes in the ion concentrations in the underground waters that preceded the catastrophic Kobe earthquake in Japan on the 17 th of January, 1995 (e.g., Johansen et al. 1996, which are also described mathematically rather well with log-periodic fluctuations superimposed over a power-law growth trend.
* * *After the gold standard policy (see, e.g., Eichengreen, Flandreau 1997) had come to its end, gold began to be transformed into a "last reserve anchor", a commodity in which the players tend to invest very intensively in such contexts when one observes the running out of other markets and commodities, and the investment into which one could preserve unsafe money. After the end of the gold standard era the first "gold bubble" formed in 1979-1980 during the second jump of the oil prices and was a symptom of global economic crisis (see Figs 1 and 2).In 2008 during the global crisis the gold prices grew significantly whereas the oil and other raw materials dropped, as if indicating that currently gold is the main reserve currency. However, oil, gas, coal, and metals are not means of hoarding only; they are also very important raw materials for various industries; that is why the jump in their prices brought the global crisis nearer and accelerated it. Now, post factum, it is almost evident that the surge in raw materials' prices is simultaneously an indicator of the closeness of crisis and a factor that brings it closer, but such an apparently self-evident idea only became obvious during the crisis itself. Thus, the jump in raw material prices IS the growing global crisis, amplified to a bubble that is overinflated and subject to collapse. Note also that from 1970 -present gold surges tend to lag oil surges by a year or so.
The experience of developed countries (Germany, USA, Scandinavia) shows that scientific, technical and innovation activities contribute to modernization of the economy, and are a stabilizing factor in social development. Coordination and structuring of such a relationship at the legislative level is the basis of strategic planning of Russia and its regions. Today, the creation of new constitutional, social and legal foundations of strategic development affects every constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The article analyses the need to fill a gap in legal research, the development of scientific and theoretical provisions related to innovation. The Penza region is a typical constituent entity of the Russian Federation, taking into account the peculiarities of the geographical location, the number and well-being of the population, the development of the business sector, and the level of scientific potential. Standard socioeconomic problems of the state, as well as the resulting status of innovative development are characteristic for the Penza region. In the article particular attention is paid to the non-hierarchical way of coordinating "governmentbusiness-science" relations in the context of the Triple Helix model, which plays a key role in the innovation process as a social and legal mechanism of development of economy.
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