freshwater mussels are ecosystem engineers and keystone species in aquatic environments. Unfortunately, due to dramatic declines this fauna is among the most threatened globally. Here, we clarify the taxonomy and biogeography of Russian Unionidae species based on the most comprehensive multi-locus dataset sampled to date. We revise the distribution and assess the conservation status for each species. This fauna comprises 16 native species from 11 genera and 4 tribes: Anodonta, Pseudanodonta (Anodontini); Amuranodonta, Beringiana, Buldowskia, Cristaria, Sinanodonta (cristariini); Middendorffinaia, Nodularia, Unio (Unionini); and Lanceolaria (Lanceolariini). no countrylevel endemic species are known in Russia, except for Buldowskia suifunica that may also occur in china. Sinanodonta woodiana, a non-native species, was introduced from china. Russia comprises the northern parts of Western and Eastern Palearctic subregions. The first subregion with six species encompasses a huge area from the western boundary of Russia to the Lena Basin in Siberia. the second subregion with 10 species covers the Amur Basin, rivers east of the Lena Basin, coastal basins of the Japan Sea, and the North Pacific Islands. The fauna of Russia primarily includes widespread generalist species that are here considered Least concern (Lc). However, Buldowskia suifunica and Sinanodonta lauta have restricted distributions and are assessed here as Vulnerable (VU) and endangered (en), respectively. Freshwater mussels (order Unionida) are ecologically and economically important aquatic animals 1 that are sensitive to water pollution, habitat loss, climate changes, and other negative anthropogenic and natural impacts 2-4. These animals are widely distributed throughout Russia, representing keystone taxa in various water bodies of European Russia, Siberia, and the Russian Far East (mainland, Sakhalin, and Kurile Archipelago) 5. However, freshwater mussels are not known to occur in the Polar Urals, Yamal and Taymyr peninsulas, Arctic Ocean
In the work we performed a review of studies of foreign scholars on changing the reaction time of the driver depending on various road conditions, namely the change in the response time when using the traffic light regulation. Earlier by the authors of this article have already been carried out research in the field of throughput of a site of a highway with traffic regulation, which showed that this value depends on the time of reaction of the driver. In this article the estimation of how much bandwidth the highway using different result obtained in the course of analysis, time value of reaction of the driver and is a direct correlation bandwidth from the time of reaction of the driver. The values obtained allow to conclude that taking into account the psycho-physiological characteristics of drivers (response time) will have a significant impact on the throughput and the various methods of organization and reorganization of sections of the road network, implementation of which is used investigated the amount of bandwidth.
The problem of the development of recreational areas is the contradiction between the recreational needs of the population and the limited opportunities to use the potential of the natural framework in highly urbanized areas. It is proposed to introduce the concept of "inter-municipal natural Park" formulated by the authors into scientific circulation. The study analyses regional and local programs for integrated development of Belgorod and Shebekino districts. It is revealed that the focus is on improving transport and social infrastructure, supporting soil fertility and providing services in the field of cultural and leisure activities of the population. The primary way to manage the flow of tourists is to organize a rational system of transport services. The analysis of the existing transport infrastructure of the inter-municipal natural Park in the Shebekino and Belgorod regions is carried out. The availability of the territory for public, personal transport and pedestrians is analyzed. Five alternative routes to personal and public transport have been developed: pedestrian, bicycle, horse-drawn, motorcycle and water routes that will help to preserve the natural and ecological potential of the territory and meet the diverse needs and interests of recreationists at the local, municipal and regional levels.
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