The increasing flow of information affects health. The prevalence of information as an environmental factor is considered. With the growth of traditional information-dependent morbidity according to ICD-10, a new pathology appears as follows: computer syndrome, television addiction, depression from social networks, Internet addiction, ludomania, nomophobia, Internet suicides. There is presented a conceptual framework of prevention trends: information hygiene, ecology, ethics, digital-, cyber-, internet-hygiene. Information hygiene is a branch of medical science that studies the regularities of the impact of information on the mental, physical and social well-being of a person, his working capacity, life expectancy, public health of society, developing standards and measures to improve the information environment and optimize intellectual activity. There was analyzed the existing hygienic regulation of physical signals and perspectives of hygienic assessment activities with pronounced information loads. The shortcomings of the existing dosimetry, modern diagnostic devices for the dose-effect methodology are considered. There is discussed the importance of informational hygiene for content limits, targeting boundaries and specialization in the dissemination of information for the prevention of infopandemics, accompanied by virusophobia, quarantinomania, radiophobia, mysophobia. There are provided the scientific trends of multi-disciplinary mega-projects of the study of intelligence for the new hygienic approaches to optimize mental health. Taking into account the strategies of the national project “Education”, the digital development of the information society in Russia, as well as prevention of info-epidemics, the development of a textbook on information hygiene can be relied upon the principles outlined in the axiomatics of information ecology. There is proposed expediency of adequate responses from hygienists, preventive medicine and the state sanitary service for consideration. In social and communal hygiene - the study of mental statistics, public health, prediction, prevention infopandemics. In the hygiene of children and adolescents there is considered the development of recommendations and standards for gadgets and the time of their use, the assessment of the phenomena of clip-thinking, the transition to electronic textbooks, “blinkers” on the quality and volume of information in the search for knowledge. In occupational health - determination of the limits of intelligence from neuroscience, intensification of brain-computer interfaces, “dose-effects” and maximum permissible levels of carrier signals, optimization of information cooperation.
Introduction. The process of involving children, adolescents and youth in the constantly developing information space is an objective reality. At the same time, the lack of monitored indices of the safety of electronic devices (ED) for the health of children and adolescents, the lack of a clearly built system of preventive measures require its development and improvement, which will reduce the risk of the digital information environment impact on the health of the younger generation. Materials and methods. The survey using a questionnaire, developed by specialists from the Research Institute of Hygiene and Health Protection of Children and Adolescents in 2017-2020, was used to collect data on the nature of ED using by schoolchildren and students in educational and leisure activities (1218 questionnaires). In 2017-2020, 805 schoolchildren and students from the Moscow gymnasium №12 and the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University underwent an ophthalmological examination. Results. All the surveyed schoolchildren and students used ED. Analysis of the questionnaire data allowed us to determine the duration of continuous use of ED (computer, laptop, tablet, smartphone, etc.) by children, adolescents, and young people during school and vacation time. All categories of respondents both during the academic period and during holidays showed a high duration of continuous use of ED. Thus, the presence of a behavioral risk factor for the uncontrolled use of ED (long duration of continuous work with ED) was shown among all categories of respondents, which may cause the development of eye diseases. The analysis of the results obtained revealed significant negative values of the correlation coefficients between students’ visual acuity and the duration of their continuous use of both stationary (computer) and mobile (smartphone, tablet) ED. Discussion. The introduction of these preventive measures into the daily routine and lifestyle of children, adolescents, and young people will help prevent visual acuity disorders. Conclusion. It is necessary to introduce hygienic rationing of the frequency and duration of the possible influence of ED not only during the educational process but also in leisure time to increase the awareness of parents and the degree of their control over the use of ED. To elevate awareness of all ED users’ categories it is necessary to intensify work to promote the rules for the safe use of ED and related foundations of a healthy lifestyle and self-control over ED use. In connection with the development of the digital educational environment, it is advisable to improve the hygienic standardization of text information in electronic publications for children, adolescents, and students. To prevent the symptoms of eye fatigue, it is advisable to limit continuous work with a bright screen (no more than 60 minutes), followed by a break of at least 15-20 minutes, not related to viewing the illuminated screen, in compliance with the recommendations for relieving stress from the visual analyzer.
The transition to a postindustrial society, change of civilizations and new challenges require both in-depth study of current status on basic research morpho-physiology of natural intelligence, a broad discussion and formulation of strategies by the academic community, and the development of new scientific and applied approaches of optimization of intellectual activity, defining preventive trends for mental, physical and social well-being. The aim of study is to analyze multi-factor retrospective and modern fundamental research to identify possible predicted changes in the directions of knowledge search, such as the phenomenon of intelligence in purposeful, conscious human activity aimed at meeting the needs of the individual and society, and trends in the study of intellectual labor in physiology, hygiene and medicine. The analysis of modern generally accepted semantics according to the documents of WHO, ILO, ISO, and Russian legislation is carried out. Based on the analysis of the main stages and discoveries of structural and functional elements of the natural intellectual system over 26 centuries of the history of neuroscience and other knowledge systems related to intellectual labour. Parameters, measurement standards, and limits that are important for intellectual activity are defined. Modern methods of studying intelligence and optimizing intellectual activity are analyzed. In the modern conceptual apparatus: knowledge worker, when working performs intellectual functions (ICF, WHO), which are related to brain health (WHO), mental loads, strain, stress (ISO), can lead to mental and behavioral disorders (ILO), are associated with the results of intellectual activity (Civil Code of the Russian Federation) and intellectual product (Labour Code of the Russian Federation). To date, the paradigms of wiring, neurobiological, informational, connectome, and noogenesis are developing in the study of intelligence. The factors of the working environment can be influenced by the general strategy for the development of the information society and the digital economy, digital taylorism, the development of addictions and the "enslavement of people by the Internet". In intellectual activity, the following are important: information speed (from 100 m/s to 300 million m/s); the volume of information produced and transmitted, its quality and usefulness of content; cooperation between a person and the world wide web connection (from 150 to 1 trillion connections). New research methods, including fMRI, CT, MEG, TES, PET, TMS, etc., are shaping the paradigm shift in the study of intelligence. with the determination of the localization of intellectual functions in the brain. Developing predictive trends include information hygiene, hygiene of nutrition of the brain and noopharmacology. Analysis of the fundamental foundations of intelligence and the evolution of its parameters, along with new research methods, can be useful for predicting scientific hypotheses and trends in studying the features of intellectual labor in physiology, hygiene, and medicine. Strategies for the development of the information (I) society, standards for I-measuring, the phenomena of I-boom, I-overload, and I-pollution, along with the appearance of I-dependent pathologies, form the relevance of the development of I-ecology and I-hygiene. It is advisable to develop sanitary rules and hygienic recommendations for the organization of IT processes.
The first work on noogenesis as evolution of intellect was published 150 years ago. However, it was not until the 21st century that quantitation became possible for certain parameters that contribute to the understanding of the evolution of intellectual systems in natural sciences, the progress being due to basic achievements in physics, biology, medicine, and interdisciplinary fields. Analyses of the parameters of intellectual systems, patterns of their emergence and evolution, distinctive features, and the constants and limits of their structures and functions made it possible to measure and compare the capacity of communications (~100 to 300 million m/s), to quantify the number of components in intellectual systems (10–100 billion components), and to calculate the number of successful links responsible for cooperation (from 150 to 1 trillion links). Prognostic models can be developed by studying the phenomenon of the origin and evolution of the brain as a population of neurons within the biological evolution of Homo sapiens and the advent of cognition; by studying the brain of an individual throughout individual anatomic and physiological development, including the development of creativity, thinking, consciousness, idea, insight, intuition, and eureka; and by studying and “noo” in the context of the hypothesis of the morphological and functional evolution of the human population.
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