An industrial scale test was performed for the investigation of microstructure changes of zirconia refractory nozzles for molten low carbon unkilled steel casting up to 1600 o C. Phase composition and structure of nozzles surface layers were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersion Scanning microscopy analyses, as well. A possible interaction mechanism of zirconia nozzle and of aluminous nozzle-block, respectively, with molten steel was carried out.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.