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Artificial Intelligence is an emerging technology which has a transformative potential in wide array of technological fields within the economic, industrial, social, political, intelligence and military domains. For this reason, the governance of AI technology development and implementation has also become a factor of concern not just among policy and decision-makers, but also among the public. With AI's potential impact on state power through its dual and strategic uses, the issue of AI governance is now firmly ensconced in global discourse and is a subdomain of cyber diplomacy. This article defines the main issues of AI governance, presents the emerging role of the EU as a normative power in this respect and also highlights the potential of transatlantic cooperation in the context of wider global rivalries in the technological field.

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Space systems have become a key enabler for a wide variety of applications that are vital to the functioning of advanced societies. The trend is one of quantitative and qualitative increase of this dependence, so much so that space systems have been described as a new example of critical infrastructure. This article argues that the existence of critical space infrastructures implies the emergence of a new category of disasters related to disruption risks. We inventory those risks and make policy recommendations for what is, ultimately, a resilience governance issue.

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Critical infrastructure is foundational for the prosperity and quality of life in any society. By definition, its destruction or disruption would cause severe damage and possibly loss of life. Within this understanding, space systems are a new category of critical infrastructure, emerging as an enabler of new applications which are critical within the wider system-of-systems. This paper presents the results of a modeling exercise validating the proof of concept regarding the idea of the global, air-transport-critical infrastructure’s dependence on space systems. By using an open-source application, the authors constructed a complex system made up of 18 airports for which six scenarios were modeled that represent either the exposure to specific space phenomena or the effects of a partial or total critical space infrastructure disruption. Despite the limitations and assumptions made in the building of this model, its results suggest that a significant impact would result from disruptive events, with the potential for cascading disruptions within the system, beyond the system under analysis, and into the wider system-of-systems. Tools such as this model are useful to policy- and decision-makers, not only to protect existing, critical infrastructures, but also to adequately source future risks, vulnerabilities, and threats, and design and build new infrastructures.

2 ROP ARDO S.RL Reconstructiei Nr. 2A -550129 Sibiu, Romania, ciprian.candea@wpcs.ro, alexandru.georgescu@wpcs.ro Digital Factory is a comprehensive approach of network of digital models, methods, and tools -including modelling, simulation and 3DNirtuai Reality visualization-integrated by a continuous data management. (DiFac brochure, 2007). This paper describes the results of the research project named DiFac (FP6-2005-IST-5-035079) founded by the European Commission. DiFac realized a suite of results able to drive manufacturing SMEs from Digital to Virtual Factory. The DiFac Integrated Scenario illustrates the modularity and scalability of the project results. The paper shows a not so far in the future daily life in a possible manufacturing factory named SECONDA Laser Machine. Different actors in various parts of the world re-design a new product in a collaborative and de localised way, re-organize the production line evaluating it with simulation and ergonomics and finally use the new technologies as Virtual and Augmented reality for designing the new laser machine and maintaining it efficiently.

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