The robustness of a new single cylinder pressure sensor concept is experimentally demonstrated on a six cylinder heavy-duty Diesel engine. Using a single cylinder pressure sensor and a crank angle sensor, this single cylinder pressure sensor concept estimates the in-cylinder pressure traces in the remaining cylinders by applying a realtime, flexible crankshaft model combined with an adaptation algorithm. The single cylinder pressure sensor concept is implemented on CPU/FPGA based hardware. For steady-state engine operating conditions, the added value of the adaptation algorithm is demonstrated for cases in which a fuel quantity change or start of injection change is applied in a single, non-instrumented cylinder. It is shown that for steady state and transient engine conditions, the cylinder pressure traces and corresponding combustion parameters, IMEP, PMAX, and CA50, can be estimated with 1.
Motivated by automotive emission legislations, a Virtual [Formula: see text] sensor is developed. This virtual sensor consists of a real-time, phenomenological model that computes engine-out [Formula: see text] by using the measured in-cylinder pressure signal from a single cylinder as its main input. The implementation is made on a Field Programmable Gate Array–Central Processing Unit architecture to ensure the [Formula: see text] computation is ready at the end of the combustion cycle. The Virtual [Formula: see text] sensor is tested and validated on an EURO-VI Heavy-Duty Diesel engine platform. The Virtual [Formula: see text] sensor is proven to meet the accuracy of a production [Formula: see text] sensor for steady-state conditions and has better frequency response compared to the production [Formula: see text] sensor.
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