During the past years, ubiquitous networks have become an interesting topic for research due to their flexible and independent nature in terms of network infrastructure. A lot of effort has been made around the design of efficient routing protocols, mainly because of their unique characteristics, such as, dynamic topology, high mobility and limited bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a new routing protocol which is based on our Multipath-ChaMeLeon (M-CML) routing protocol. We perform a network optimization analysis of M-CML under a series of simulations taking into account three Quality of Service (QoS) metrics and we provide the results with statistical confidence interval by applying the Wilcoxon signed-rank test model. On top of the outcome of the analysis, we also apply an intelligent algorithm to enhance our protocol's effectiveness by reducing the improvident emission of data packets. The new protocol, named M-CMLv2, is compared to OLSR, AOMDV and M-CML using the NS-3 simulator. The acquired results indicate that M-CMLv2 reduces the redundant information, maintains good performance at successfully delivering packets with acceptable end-to-end delay, while at the same time, it reduces the network's routing load and the energy consumption of the nodes.

The wireless communication is an integral part of the society, however, wireless network infrastructure may not fully function during post-disaster wireless network scenario in which we need wireless services even more than normal circumstances. In such post-disaster scenarios, the base stations (BS) could possibly be dysfunctional or overloaded by an excessive number of user calls or data, whereas user terminals are likely to be partially connected to or fully isolated from the BS radio signals. In this paper, we study the network behavior during the post-disaster when BSs undergo the thinning process due to the damage to the network infrastructure. During network recovery phase, we also study the network performance when new temporary BSs are distributed which will bring the network into BS superposition phase. Furthermore, Device-to-Device (D2D) assisted cellular communication helps to increase the link level network connectivity which is highly appreciated during postdisaster network scenario because the network coverage is more desirable than the network throughout in such cases. We also present the analytical study of D2D and cellular communication and show that it will effectively increase the network coverage which may ultimately save many lives during the golden hours of post-disaster phase.

No abstract

No abstract

The Internet is evolving towards a twofold architecture that will comprise of traditional infrastructure based networks as well as emerging self organised autonomic peripheral networks. Such Internet peripheral networks are being termed as the Internet of things (IoT) whereby smart objects and devices will be connected together in a fully distributed fashion to provide ubiquitous services through pervasive networking. Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is regarded as one of the pervasive self-organised networks that will play a major role in autonomic future internet communication. There are several wellknown challenges to be addressed in order to enable MANET deployments of large islands of interconnected smart devices. Therefore, in this paper, we perform simulations using the ns-2 software, for various well-known routing protocols for MANETs in order to determine the scalability of these protocols. This paper analyses the scalability of the routing protocols with respect to routing overhead required by approaches while also considering the packet delivery latency, which is an important Quality of Service (QoS) metric.

The emerging fifth generation (5G) communication network is gaining tremendous attention from mobile network operators, regulators, and academia due to the provisions of network densification, ultra-low latency and improved spectral and energy efficiencies. However, post-disaster emergency management system (EMS), which nowadays predominantly depends on the wireless communication infrastructure, is significantly lagging behind in terms of innovation, standards, and investments. Since 5G vision is the revolution of the telecommunication industry, provisions of efficiently handling EMS is expected to be distributed, autonomous, and resilient to the network vulnerabilities due to both man-made and natural disasters. In this paper, the 4G LTE approaches for typical post-disaster communication and their shortcomings will be discussed. We elaborate three typical post-disaster network scenarios when the network is congested, partly functional or completely isolated. The possible solution framework, for instance, Device-to-Device communication, drone-assisted communication, mobile ad hoc networks and Internet-of-Things, for post-disaster scenario will be discussed. Given that the spectrum allocation is critical for EMS, we assess the possible schemes for radio resource allocation specific for EMS in addition to the social responsibility of users in such critical situations. between source and destination terminals is relatively higher. Moreover, the intermediate users may need to sacrifice the scarce energy for others which are not an ideal situation during postdisaster. The proposed 5G framework should consider such cases while designing distributed, autonomous and resilient multihop communication for EMS in order to preserve and ensure reliable communication among users.2) Drone-assisted Communication: Drones, or UAVs, are able to significantly assist in postdisaster communication by acting as a flying BS as shown in Fig. 4. One of the advantages of implementing drones to replace dysfunctional BSs is that it is likely to exist direct line-of-sight communication between users and flying drones. This results in improvement on the channel propagation due to the low path-loss and minimum shadowing, which helps to improve the QoR required for emergency communication. Moreover, the drone trajectory can be optimized depending on the predicted traffic pattern and user distribution. The network of UAVs not only acts as a radio access network but also the backhaul network for D2D communication, MANETs and other isolated users. In a typical post-disaster scenarios, UAVs can be used as UAV-

No abstract

No abstract