Ten new species of Amphidraus Simon, 1900 from Brazil are described: A. belzonte sp. nov. (♂), A. bifidus sp. nov. (♂♀), A. caxiuanan sp. nov. (♂), A. draconicaudatus sp. nov. (♂♀), A. janauari sp. nov. (♂), A. loxodontillus sp. nov. (♂), A. mysticetus sp. nov. (♂♀), A. nigrigenu sp. nov. (♂), A. pulvinus sp. nov. (♂) and A. simplex sp. nov. (♂♀). A new diagnosis is proposed for the genus and three new combinations are established for species presently misplaced in Amphidraus: Titanattus parvus (Mello-Leitão, 1945) comb. nov., Truncattus manni (Bryant, 1943) comb. nov. and Truncattus mendicus (Bryant, 1943) comb. nov. Several new records for A. santanae Galiano, 1967 are provided, enabling brief comments on the morphological variations in this species.
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