The increasing importance of performance-based earthquake engineering analysis points out the necessity to assess quantitatively the risk of liquefaction of embankment-type structures. In this extreme scenario of soil 2 Ioanna Rapti et al. liquefaction, devastating consequences are observed, e.g. excessive settlements, lateral spreading and slope instability. The present work discusses the global dynamic response and interaction of an earth structure-foundation system, so as to determine quantitatively the collapse mechanism due to foundation's soil liquefaction. A levee-foundation system is simulated and the influence of characteristics of input ground motion, as well as, of the position of liquefied layer on the liquefaction-induced failure is evaluated. For the current levee model, its induced damage level (i.e. induced crest settlements) is strongly related to both liquefaction apparition and dissipation of excess pore water pressure on the foundation. The respective role of input ground motion characteristics is a key component for soil liquefaction apparition, as long duration of mainshock can lead to important nonlinearity and extended soil liquefaction. A circular collapse surface is generated inside the liquefied region and extends towards the crest in both sides of the levee. Even so, when the liquefied layer is situated in depth, no significant effect on the levee response is found. This research work provides a reference case study for seismic assessment of embankment-type structures subjected to earthquake and proposes a high-performance computational framework accessible to engineers.Keywords Dynamic analysis · Nonlinear coupled hydromechanical behavior · Soil liquefaction · Earthquake loading · strain localization · instability · FE modeling Liquefaction analysis and damage evaluation of embankment-type structures 3
A numerical method is presented for identifying the material parameters that appear in second-gradient models. For local second-gradient models, additional material parameters must be defined in numerical models. The objective of the present study is to develop a simple numerical identification procedure for these additional coefficients. The method combines modelling of laboratory tests with analytical implements. Numerical studies are then used to validate the method for a shale and to investigate the effects of both the internal length and the additional coefficients on the numerical responses. The procedure provides the first coherent results achieved at the laboratory scale.© 2015 Académie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. r é s u m é Une méthode numérique permettant d'identifier les paramètres matériaux spécifiques aux modèles second gradient est présentée. Pour les modèles second gradient locaux, des paramètres matériaux supplémentaires sont définis dans les modèles numériques. L'objectif est de développer une procédure d'identification numérique simple pour ces coefficients supplémentaires. La méthode combine la modélisation d'essais de laboratoire et des développements analytiques. Des études numériques permettent de valider la méthode sur une argile et d'investiguer les effets de la longueur interne et des coefficients supplémentaires sur la réponse numérique. La procédure fournit les premiers résultats cohérents à l'échelle du laboratoire.
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