We briefly report the method and four findings of a large-scale qualitative study of potential users' views on the ethical values that should govern the design and programming of social robots for older people. 21 focus groups were convened in the UK, France and the Netherlands. We present and briefly discuss our data on: 1) the contrasting attitudes of older people and formal and informal carers towards how well technology might be received by older users; 2) views about healthcare professionals, informal and formal carers having access to private information about householders that has been collected by the robot; 3) the belief that robots could not, as well as should not, replace human contact because persuasion is regarded a uniquely human skill; and 4) differing perceptions of the role of the robot and how this was used to justify ethical opinions on robot behavior.
À partir d’observations socio-ethnographiques à domicile, cet article explore les conditions d’application des notions de fragilité, vulnérabilité et atouts / ressorts de santé au repérage, au suivi et à la prévention de la perte d’autonomie des personnes âgées. Relevant d’univers différents, ces trois notions offrent des cadres d’analyse et d’intervention complémentaires.La notion de fragilité, dans son acception gériatrique, appartient à l’univers de la maladie ; elle se présente comme une diminution plus ou moins étendue des réserves physiologiques qu’un individu mobilise face à un stress. Les atouts / ressorts de santé se situent d’emblée dans le domaine de la santé, conçue non pas comme un problème à résoudre mais comme une ressource à promouvoir. Les atouts / ressorts de santé reposent sur les activités et relations qui forment le fil directeur de la vie des personnes âgées, les modes d’accompagnement de leur entourage et la qualité des environnements. La vulnérabilité, concept probabiliste qui saisit la relation ou la proximité par rapport à un danger, se rapproche de la fragilité par la notion de risque et des atouts / ressorts de santé par la notion de coping (capacité à faire face, à s’adapter). La vulnérabilité a l’avantage d’offrir une perspective plus large sur les risques associés au vieillissement, et d’entrouvrir la porte à la notion d’atouts / ressorts de santé pour commencer à caractériser les dimensions positives de la santé et de l’autonomie à domicile : en particulier les ressources mobilisées pour faire face aux risques et les motivations qui portent au quotidien les personnes âgées.
IoT technologies generate intelligence and connectivity and develop knowledge to be used in the decision-making process. However, research that uses big data through global interconnected infrastructures, such as the ‘Internet of Things’ (IoT) for Active and Healthy Ageing (AHA), is fraught with several ethical concerns. A large-scale application of IoT operating in diverse piloting contexts and case studies needs to be orchestrated by a robust framework to guide ethical and sustainable decision making in respect to data management of AHA and IoT based solutions. The main objective of the current article is to present the successful completion of a collaborative multiscale research work, which addressed the complicated exercise of ethical decision making in IoT smart ecosystems for older adults. Our results reveal that among the strong enablers of the proposed ethical decision support model were the participatory and deliberative procedures complemented by a set of regulatory and non-regulatory tools to operationalize core ethical values such as transparency, trust, and fairness in real care settings for older adults and their caregivers.
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