The impact of the human consumption of materials and energy exerted on the environment has gained more relevance in the last decades, being the pollution an emergency to be solved, since the generation of waste is one of its main factors. The management and reduction of these should be considered in the various sectors of society, including civil construction projects, where the studies that approach the subject are recent. Therefore, the objective of this work is to review the concepts of circular economy and analyze its application in the civil construction industry according to the types of waste generated, aiming to elicit proposals of application. For this, the study was based on an in-depth bibliographic survey of articles, technical documents and monographic works, followed by an analysis of the information obtained. As main results, it was possible to perceive the researches regarding the application of the concepts of circular economy in the civil construction are a growing and represent a strong tendency of the sustainability in this sector.
Goal: The objective of this article is to raise the state of the art of the applications of blockchain described in the scientific literature. Design/methodology/approach: A bibliographic research on the Scopus database was carried out from November, 2017 to May, 2018, supported by the scientific research technique called Bibliometry. The compilation of 102 articles found in the scientific literature were presented in the Blockchain context, providing a reference for the fields of blockchain applications. Results: The results indicate a large increase in the number of articles published since 2017, the largest number of publications were written by authors affiliated with institutions located in China, as well as the most referenced applications are related to cryptocurrencies, smart contracts and IoT. Limitations of the investigation: The limitation lies in using only the Scopus database for bibliometry, despite being a renowned scientific base. Practical implications: This study can serve as a bibliographic reference with a global view of the main Blockchain applications that can be applied by different types of organizations Originality/value: Blockchain is a technology that aims to securely store data, such as financial data, contracts, proof of identity, documents of possession, medical information, etc. To do so, a framework based on laws of mathematics and cryptography is used to ensure the security of transactions of different applications, such as Bitcoin, which is a digital currency that guarantees the safe transfer of financial data. However, being a new technology, there is still little research on the subject. On the other hand, there are different types of applications that are already benefiting from the blockchain structure.
The market of oil and gas has many particularities, once it is a natural resource of great value. Due to the fact the resource is owned by nations, it is highly regulated. The volumes traded are high; for this reason, their calculation needs to be performed very carefully, meeting not only the uncertainties and metrological control, but also particularly the tracking of the activities. The technical regulations of measurement adopted by the countries carefully follows many guidelines. The reason is that the established volumes directly affect the calculation of royalties and profit sharing in concession agreements or even a simple ownership shift of the products. Therefore, it is an application with a lot of responsibility, involving a large amount of equipment, software, and execution processes. Therefore, the transfer of data among different entities requires total transparency and security. Blockchain technology, which has been initially developed for the financial market, presents itself as an alternative to ensure reliability, from the sensors in the field to the effective generation of the Monthly Report on the petroleum and natural gas production unit, which is the basic document for determining the remuneration of the owners of the product. This paper presents a technical solution for creating the blockchain validation blocks by the MAC (Media Access Control Address) addressing, which in turn comes from the communication boards of the flow computers and from the Supervisory Stations. There are limitations to extending this solution to the level of field sensors due to the current links of communication, but also because of the way that historical, events and alarm databases of the flow computers are generated. Once these devices exhibit an elevated degree of safety in their operation, the solution herein presented adds a high level of reliability in the fiscal measurement and/or custody transfer.
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