RESUMO.Descreve-se um caso de atendimento a animal, felino, adulto, fêmea, com diagnóstico de hérnia diafragmática crônica tendo o útero gravídico em fase final de gestação como parte do conteúdo herniário. O gradativo crescimento fetal no decorrer da gestação determinou importante comprometimento respiratório. A gravidade do quadro exigiu interrupção cirúrgica da gestação com posterior herniorrafia por flape peritoneal, porém não houve êxito e o animal veio a óbito ao final do procedimento cirúrgico. O óbito foi atribuído à cronicidade e gravidade da condição clínica em que se encontrava. Este relato ressalta a importância da correção imediata de hérnias diafragmáticas e do acompanhamento pré-natal durante a gestação. Palavras chave: Dispneia, interrupção gestacional, trauma torácicoDiaphragmatic hernia containing pregnant uterus as content in feline: Case report ABSTRACT. A case of animal care, feline, adult, female is described, with diagnosis of chronic diaphragmatic hernia with the gravid uterus in the final stage of gestation as part of the hernial content. Gradual fetal growth during pregnancy led to significant respiratory impairment. The severity of the condition necessitated a surgical interruption of gestation with posterior herniorrhaphy with peritoneal flap, but it did not succeed and the animal died at the end of the surgical procedure. The death was attributed to the chronicity and severity of the clinical condition in which it was found. This report highlights the importance of immediate correction of diaphragmatic hernias and prenatal follow-up during pregnancy. Keyword: Dyspnea, gestational interruption, thoracic traumaHisterocele diafragmática en una gata gestante: Reporte de un caso RESUMEN. Se describe el reporte de un caso de una felina adulta, en fase final de gestación con diagnóstico de hernia diafragmática crónica conteniendo útero con fetos. El progresivo crecimiento fetal durante el transcurso de la gestación determinó una importante complicación respiratoria. La gravedad del cuadro requirió de la interrupción quirúrgica de la gestación con posterior herniorrafia por flape peritoneal, pero no hubo éxito y el animal murió al final del procedimiento quirúrgico. El fallecimiento fue atribuido a la cronicidad y gravedad de la condición clínica en que se encontraba. Este reporte resalta la importancia de la corrección inmediata de hernias diafragmáticas y del acompañamiento prenatal durante la gestación.
Background: Hepatic cysts are rarely described in association with infections by Platynosomum sp. Infected animals are most often asymptomatic, and the severity of symptoms is associated with the number of biliary tract parasites, which may lead to cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis. Although platinosomiasis is often associated with cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis, it rarely is with polycystic disease. For the parasite’s life cycle to occur, the infected cat must eliminate the eggs in the feces and three intermediate hosts are needed: snails, terrestrial isopods and vertebrates like the frog or the gecko. The eggs are ingested by the snails, then the miracids are released and matured into the mother sporocyst form, which originates child sporocysts containing the cercariae, that leave the mollusks for the soil and are ingested by the terrestrial isopod in which the cercariae matures until metacercariae. Vertebrates ingest terrestrial isopods and are ingested by felines. The present study aimed to report an unusual case of platinosomiasis with the development of multiple hepatic cysts.Case: A mixed breed male kitten was admitted with a history of apathy, hyporexia, increased abdominal volume and jaundice. In the ultrasound examination, we could see hepatomegaly and several hypoecogenic rounded structures, similar to cysts. There was an increase of serum concentration of the hepatic enzymes alanine transaminase and gamma glutamyl transferase enzyme. The parasite’s eggs were investigated in the patient’s feces using the simple sedimentation method, with a negative result. The animal was submitted to celiotomy and it was possible to observe several cystic structures in the liver. The cysts content was sent to cytology and culture. Cytology result was compatible with liver cyst and there was no bacterial growth in the culture. Bile fluid was collected and sent for Platynosomum sp. research using the centrifugal sedimentation test in formalin-ether solution, which allowed the parasite’s eggs to be observed. The cat was treated with praziquantel,silymarin, S-Adenosyl methionine, and ursodeoxycholic acid. The patient gradually improved from jaundice and there was a reduction in abdominal volume. Discussion: This report describes a case of platinossomiasis associated with polycystic liver disease in a domestic cat, which seems to be an uncommon presentation. Most infected cats are asymptomatic, but some animals may exhibit anorexia, apathy, increased abdominal volume due to hepatomegaly and/or ascitis and jaundice. Although infestation in domestic cats is relatively common, its association with liver cysts is rare or poorly reported in the literature, representing a diagnostic challenge, which makes mandatory the inclusion of this differential diagnosis in polycystic liver diseases in cats. The diagnosis of this parasitosis can be made based on the association among clinical signs, laboratory tests and ultrasound examination, but the definitive diagnosis is usually made by visualizing the parasite’s eggs. In the case described, it was not possible to observe parasite’s eggs in the patient’s feces, but in the bile. Platynosomum sp. infection should always be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of polycystic liver disease in cats, especially in countries with tropical or subtropical climate. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment were fundamental for the improvement of the patient’s clinical condition.Keywords: feline, liver, platinosomiasis, polycystic disease, jaundice, cystic lesions.
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Background: Pneumocephalus is characterized by the presence of gas in the intracranial compartment, and it can develop because of trauma or craniofacial surgery or spontaneously. Clinical signs start within days or months after the injury and vary according to the site of involvement. Computed tomography is the ideal diagnostic tool, however skull radiography can also be used. Treatment varies according to the severity of the case, and it can be conservative or associated with surgical intervention in the most severe cases. The purpose of this report is to describe the case of a dog that developed pneumocephalus and suppurative meningoencephalitis after head trauma caused by a bite from another dog. Case: A 2-month-old bitch, mixed breed, with 3.2 kg, was referred to the veterinary hospital because it had been bitten on the head by another dog. Shortly after the incident, the animal showed no clinical signs. However, 2 days later, the bitch became depressed and in persistent lateral decubitus. A lesion with a crust of approximately 0.5 cm was found close to the occipital region, with bone irregularity on palpation. The animal was in lateral decubitus with muscular hypotonia, bilateral mydriasis unresponsive to light and stupor. Radiographic images showed parietal fracture and pneumocephalus. Based on the findings of physical and laboratorial exams, diagnosis of suppurative meningoencephalitis and pneumocephalus secondary to craniofacial trauma was established. Empirical broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy was started in addition to mannitol, corticoids, and analgesics. The animal was referred for surgical debridement by trepanation, when samples were collected to bacterial culture, which was negative. Despites the care, the animal died 14 h after the surgical procedure. Histopathological examination of the frontal cortex was performed, being the histological changes compatible with suppurative meningoencephalitis. Discussion: Dog bites on the head and neck are particularly severe, and can create intracranial bleeding, disfigurement of the face, damage to peripheral structures or cranial fractures. In this report, through radiographic images, it was found that the patient had an intracerebral aerocele, since there was presence of gas in the intracranial compartment. This alteration should always be considered in animals with neurological alterations and a history of craniofacial trauma. The main neurological changes observed in the reported case were unresponsive to mydriasis and altered mental status 2 days after the trauma, and this delay in the onset of clinical signs is frequently reported in cases of pneumocephalus. Neutrophilia and leukocytosis observed can be justified by the suppurative meningoencephalitis, confirmed by the histopathological exam. Antimicrobial therapy should be started as soon as possible, and the choice must be based on their capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier and the broad spectrum. The administration of antibiotics before collecting the material for bacterial culture may explain the negative result of this test, so that it is not possible to determine whether the intracranial gas observed on the radiograph may have developed from the trauma or because of gas-producing bacteria. Head trauma can induce suppurative meningoencephalitis and pneumocephalus even in the absence of perforating wounds at the time of the consultation. The neurological signs can start days after the trauma. Besides the clinical and surgical treatments, the prognosis of any bacterial infection of the central nervous system is poor. Keywords: aerocele, brain syndrome, Glasgow scale, radiography, trepanation.
Direitos para esta edição cedidos à Atena Editora pelos autores.Todo o conteúdo deste livro está licenciado sob uma Licença de Atribuição Creative Commons. Atribuição 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0).O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores, inclusive não representam necessariamente a posição oficial da Atena Editora. Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais.A Atena Editora não se responsabiliza por eventuais mudanças ocorridas nos endereços convencionais ou eletrônicos citados nesta obra.
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