The decarbonisation of residential heating is crucial if the net-zero target in the United Kingdom is going to be achieved. This paper describes methods to produce data to quantify the impacts of residential heat decarbonisation on the energy supply infrastructure across England and Wales. For the year 2018, annual heat demand for a range of dwellings was estimated for almost 35,000 local areas (known as Lower Layer Super Output Areas: LSOAs). Energy savings through implementing the potential energy efficiency measures and the indicative costs of the energy efficiency measures were quantified. Profiles were synthesised for heat production and energy demand of selected heating technologies using average daily temperature and data from trial projects. These profiles were created to study the impacts of different types of heating technology in each LSOA under user-defined heat decarbonisation pathways. Data describing the dwelling stock, heating technologies, annual heat demand for each LSOA, indicative costs of energy efficiency improvements for each local authority and the profiles for each technology were created.
Reputation systems provide a protocol for participants to interact based on their past performance. The concept of a prediction based meter reputation factor is introduced as a number between 0.1 and 1 that is assigned to every meter and that varies based on the accuracy of a meter's predictions. A system architecture is presented that allows the instantiation of rules for economic interaction between metered participants in a power system using reputation factors. This will create a system in which individuals are incentivised to provide accurate predictions, giving planners more reliable information. It also provides a basis for the allocation of rewards for flexibility and penalties for inflexibility. Two algorithms to allocate meter reputation factors are presented and assessed using a defined performance index and metering information from the OpenLV project. It is demonstrated that the performance of the meter reputation algorithms can be moderated according to system requirements. It is concluded that instantiation of the algorithms in such a way that makes persecution of individuals impossible is crucial.
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