Chronic inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis, in particular the bloom of genotoxin-producing E. coli strains, are risk factors for the development of colorectal cancer. Here, we sought to determine whether precision editing of gut microbiota metabolism and composition could decrease the risk for tumor development in mouse models of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Expansion of experimentally introduced E. coli strains in the azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium colitis model was driven by molybdoenzyme-dependent metabolic pathways. Oral administration of sodium tungstate inhibited E. coli molybdoenzymes and selectively decreased gut colonization with genotoxin-producing E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae. Restricting the bloom of Enterobacteriaceae decreased intestinal inflammation and reduced the incidence of colonic tumors in two models of CAC, the azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium colitis model and azoxymethane-treated, Il10-deficient mice. We conclude that metabolic targeting of protumoral Enterobacteriaceae during chronic inflammation is a suitable strategy to prevent the development of malignancies arising from gut microbiota dysbiosis.

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Oliveira, et al.; Metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma in a captive common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius). Braz J Vet Pathol, 2018, 11(2), 64 -67. DOI: 10.24070/bjvp.1983 AbstractReported cases of neoplasia affecting hippopotamus are very scarce. This report describes a metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma in a captive 44-year-old male common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) that developed progressive loss of appetite, fibrinohemorrhagic oral discharge, and progressive weight loss. Gross, cytological, and histopathological findings were compatible with a conclusive diagnosis of an invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma with metastasis in the lung, adrenal, and spleen. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of squamous cell carcinoma in a common hippopotamus.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common oral neoplasm in domestic cats, but there are only a few reports in wild felids. A captive 10-years-old, female Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica), with history of chronic renal disease and serologically positive for Leishmania sp. developed a lytic mandibular nodule that was histologically diagnosed as SCC. At necropsy was also observed an exocrine pancreatic carcinoma, which was considered an incidental finding, and a chronic lympho-plasmocytic interstitial nephritis associated with a membranous glomerulopathy, compatible with the chronic renal disease presented by the animal. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of an invasive and non-metastatic mandibular SCC in a Siberian tiger.

This is a case report of leishmaniasis with granulomatous rhinitis in a 2-year-old domestic cat. Clinically, an obstruction in the right nostril was observed, with cytopathological examination positive for Leishmania sp. Euthanasia was performed, and multinodular, diffuse and smooth pinkish lesions were observed in the mucosa of the nasal cavity. Microscopically, nodular lesions corresponded to an intense granulomatous inflammation with macrophages containing large numbers of Leishmania sp. amastigotes. Macrophages containing amastigotes were also occasionally observed in the popliteal lymph node, skin, and spleen. Based on immunohistochemistry, amastigotes were confirmed as Leishmania sp. and Leishmania sp. DNA was also detected by qPCR in lymph nodes samples. Although it is an uncommon manifestation, leishmaniasis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in diseases affecting the nasal cavity in domestic felines.