The endocrine mechanisms that lead to initiation of parturition in dogs are still not fully understood. The prepartum luteolysis is associated with increased prostaglandin (PG) F2α secretion; however, there is no pregnancy-or parturition-related increase in estrogens. Moreover, unlike in other mammalian species, in the dog, increased peripartum levels of cortisol measured sporadically in maternal peripheral blood are not mandatory for normal parturition. Nevertheless, auto/paracrine effects of cortisol at the placental feto-maternal level cannot be excluded. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression and localization of glucocorticoid receptor (GR/NR3C1) in canine utero/placental (Ut/Pl) units and uterine interplacental sites at selected time points during pregnancy (pre-implantation, post-implantation and mid-gestation), and at normal and antigestagen-induced parturition. The Ut/Pl expression of GR/NR3C1 did not change significantly from pre-implantation until mid-gestation; however, it was strongly induced during the prepartum luteolysis. Within the interplacental samples, expression of GR/NR3C1-mRNA was greater postimplantation than pre-implantation and did not change afterward, i.e. toward mid-gestation. Compartmentalization studies within the Ut/Pl units, involving placenta, endometrium and myometrium separately, performed at the prepartum luteolysis revealed the highest GR/NR3C1-mRNA levels in placenta compared with endometrium and myometrium. Interestingly, in antigestagen-treated midpregnancy dogs, Ut/Pl and interplacental GR/NR3C1-mRNA expression remained unaffected. At the cellular level, placental GR/ NR3C1 was clearly detectable in placenta fetalis, i.e. in trophoblast cells. In conclusion, increased expression of GR/NR3C1 during normal parturition, but not following antigestagen-treatment, suggest that it is not required for initiating the signaling cascade of PG synthesis leading to the induction of parturition in the dog.Reproduction (2016) 152 303-311
Archéologie des savoirsYannick Le Pape L'inspiration et l'imprudence . Poésie de l'anticomanie dans la critique d'art du second XIX e siècle .
Mnemosyne, Vol. LIX, Fasc. 3 Also available online -www.brill.nl 1) Cet article a fait l'objet d'une présentation lors des Metageitnia organisés à Besançon en janvier 2004. J'aimerais remercier les personnes qui sont intervenues lors de ce colloque de même que le professeur P. Schubert (Genève), Dr. M. Steinrück (Fribourg) et Dr. P. Voelke (Lausanne) pour leurs remarques. Mais je tiens en particulier à remercier Mme A. Harder, professeure de l'Université de Groningen, pour avoir lu une version précédente de cet article. Ses nombreuses suggestions et encouragements m'ont fait progresser considérablement dans mes recherches. J'assume néanmoins l'entière responsabilité du contenu de cet article, et en particulier des erreurs qui pourraient subsister. AbstractThis article sheds some new light on the often discussed problem of the end of Theocritus' fifth Idyll. By comparing this poem to other poetical contests, it can be shown that Theocritus associates the idea of weight to the replies of the speakers, using a structure similar to that found in other poetical contests, as for instance in the debate between Aeschylus and Euripides in Aristophanes' Frogs. In the comic play, the process of weighing the verses on a scale is made explicit, whereas in Theocritus it is not mentioned as such. The similarity of the setting, two poets confronting their answers, allows us, however, to compare the Aristophanean contest with the Theocritean. This article aims at explaining the reader's surprise when confronted with Theocritus' Idyll, rather than at providing another explanation for the abrupt end of the contest. The fifth Idyll could thus be taken as a kind of dialogue between the author and his audience, the latter being aware of the references used by Theocritus and of the additions made by him. We suggest that this poem is an enactment of Theocritus' poetical ideas through the attribution of the victory to the protagonist with the so-called lighter answers.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.