Background: Ciliary microtubules contain hyperstable Ribbons of adjoining protofilaments.Results: Using echinoderm flagella, the locations of Ribbons, tektins, and Ca2+-binding proteins (related to human epilepsy) are studied biochemically and by immuno-cryo-electron tomography.Conclusion: The locations of these proteins create a biochemically, structurally unique region of ciliary A-microtubules.Significance: The results indicate specialized functions for Ribbons, with potential roles in assembly, motility, and/or signal transduction.
Background: Delays in care and increased risk for mental health diagnoses put individuals identifying as a sexual minority with cancer at risk for decreased quality of life.Aim: To assess psychosocial health among sexual minority gynecologic cancer survivors, we compared self-reported quality of life and psychosocial measures between individuals diagnosed with gynecologic cancers identifying as lesbian/gay/ bisexual (LGB) and heterosexual.Methods and Results: English-speaking adults with gynecologic cancers were invited to participate in an ongoing cohort survey study. Quality of life and psychosocial measures included the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General, Distress Thermometer (distress), Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (depression), General Anxiety Disorder-7 (anxiety), and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (posttraumatic stress disorder; PTSD). Measures were compared by self-reported sexual orientation (heterosexual vs. LGB) using descriptive statistics (frequencies and means) and linear and logistic regression models, adjusting for college education.Of 814 patients invited, 457 enrolled (56.1%) and 401 (92.6%) completed the survey and provided information on their sexuality. All but one self-identified as cisgender women and 22 (5.5%) as LGB. LGB participants were more likely to have completed college (68.2% vs. 40.1%, p = .009) but were otherwise similar across demographic and clinical characteristics. Quality of life and distress scores were similar between groups. LGB participants, compared to heterosexual, reported higher rates of depression (31.
Objectives
The microcystic, elongated, and fragmented (MELF) pattern of myoinvasion in endometrial carcinoma (EC) is associated with an increased risk of lymph node metastasis. Our aim is to assess the role of cytokeratin immunohistochemical (IHC) stains in detecting sentinel nodal metastasis in MELF pattern tumors.
Methods
We recovered 19 MELF pattern EC hysterectomies with lymphadenectomy from our files. Negative nodes were subjected to cytokeratin AE1/AE3 IHC. Ten additional cases with sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsies primarily assessed by IHC were also analyzed.
Results
Of the 19 cases of EC, 6 had positive lymph nodes based on H&E-stained sections at the time of their initial diagnosis. With the addition of IHC stains, 8 previously negative cases were found to have node metastases, and 3 of these were SLNs. Among the 10 cases primarily assessed by IHC, 5 had malignant cells in their SLNs.
Conclusions
Cytokeratin IHC staining detected malignant cells in 9 of 16 cases with SLNs in our sample of women with MELF pattern of myoinvasion. Immunohistochemical stains should be routinely performed on SLNs from all MELF-positive cases to detect occult lymph node metastases and isolated tumor cells.
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