Nous étudions la transmission culturelle horizontale entre groupes à l'aide d'un contexte historique unique, qui combine l'exposition à un groupe exogène sans contrôle de l'interaction entre les représentants des différents groupes. Les déportations ethniques de Staline pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale ont déplacé plus de 2 millions de personnes -dont la majorité étaient des Allemands et des Tchétchènes -des régions occidentales de l'URSS vers l'Asie centrale et la Sibérie. En conséquence, la population indigène des lieux de déportation a été exposée de manière exogène à des groupes aux normes de genre radicalement différentes. En combinant des données d'archives historiques et des enquêtes contemporaines, nous démontrons que les normes de genre se sont diffusées des déportés vers la population locale, entraînant des changements d'attitudes et de comportements. Les normes d'égalité des sexes se sont diffusées davantage que les normes de discrimination sexuelle.
Aid donors and recipients have long been concerned that aid inflows may lead to an appreciation of the real exchange rate and an associated loss of competitiveness. This paper provides new evidence of the dynamic effects of aid on the real exchange rate, using an identification strategy that exploits the long delays between the approval of aid projects and the subsequent disbursements on them. These disbursement delays enable the isolation of a source of variation in aid inflows that plausibly is uncorrelated with contemporaneous macroeconomic shocks that may drive both aid and the real exchange rate. Using this predetermined component of aid as an instrument, there is little evidence that aid inflows lead to significant real exchange rate appreciations. [JEL F31, F35] IMF Economic Review (2016) 64, 217-238.
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