Objective: identifying the scientific literature about the use of health information systems, their weaknesses and potential for decision-making. Method: A systematic literature review study conducted in September/October 2014. The sample consisted of 13 articles published in the databases: LiLLACS, SciELO, PubMed, Cochrane. Results: There was a small number of publications about the subject; it was pointed out as weaknesses for use of the systems: unpreparedness of the professionals, lack of training, poor access to systems; and how potential: characterization of the population profile, epidemiological, people's living conditions, etc. Conclusion: The health information systems provide great potential for decision-making and must overcome difficulties to use, being necessary to carry out more studies about the subject.
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