Excessive postoperative bleeding in neonates after CPB is independently associated with increased adverse events, specifically the need for postoperative dialysis and ECMO support. Our findings in neonates are congruent with other recent research that also has found increasing transfusion requirements after pediatric CPB to be independently associated with an increase in major postoperative adverse events. Our results may aid clinicians in anticipating potential adverse events after neonatal bypass and in allocating the resources necessary to manage these events.

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Both transcatheter and surgical ASD closure had excellent short-term outcomes, but transcatheter procedures had lower lengths of stay, rates of infection, and complications, resulting in lower overall costs. For children who are eligible, transcatheter ASD closure provides better short-term value than surgery.

Pulmonary artery banding is an acceptable initial palliative strategy of selected patients with single ventricle cardiac anomalies and unrestricted pulmonary blood flow, including those with concomitant arch obstruction. Short- and long-term outcomes are generally good, although results diverge with the worst outcomes noted in patients with heterotaxy, unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect, or associated extracardiac anomalies.