These findings suggest a strong association between poor family functioning and ADHD symptoms and carry implications for comprehensive ADHD management and the importance of seeing the child within the family context.

Aim To estimate the change in average cost and length of stay (LOS) for the neonatal birth admission resulting from use of the neonatal early‐onset sepsis (EOS) calculator compared to guideline‐based management, in an Australian perinatal health‐care setting. Methods A decision‐analytic model (decision tree) was constructed to assess admission cost and LOS with EOS calculator use compared to guideline‐based management. Probabilities of clinical sepsis‐related outcomes were obtained via review of published literature. Costs and average LOS were obtained from Australia's Independent Hospital Pricing Authority. Results EOS calculator use was associated with a reduction in costs of AUD$25806 and in average LOS of 25.4 days per 1000 babies born. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated greater net benefits could be expected for services where there is a higher baseline rate of antibiotic use. Conclusion This model demonstrates a significant cost reduction for the neonatal birth admission, associated with use of the EOS calculator as compared to existing guidelines. The net benefit may be greater in Australia, where rates of empiric antibiotic use are reportedly high, compared to some European countries and the United States. Future research opportunities include prospective collection of economic data alongside the introduction of the EOS calculator.

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Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder associated with a number of cardiac complications. Certain cardiac conduction abnormalities are also frequent in young athletes, including both firstand second-degree atrioventricular (AV) blocks. 1,2 We present the case of a 15-year-old girl with a background of athleticism and new diagnosis of AN (restricting subtype), who had first-degree and two types of second-degree heart block (Mobitz type I 'Wenckebach' and 2:1 AV block). The second-degree heart block significantly improved with weight restoration, suggesting that weight loss was a component of the aetiology.