[1] Radiosonde, satellite data, Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere (TOGA) radar 2 km constant altitude plan position indicator (CAPPI), and rainfall collected from the TRMMWet Season Atmospheric Mesoscale Campaign (WETAMC)/Large-Scale BiosphereAtmosphere (LBA) Experiment in Amazonia have been used to investigate the diurnal cycle of the tropical convection. Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES 8) images were used to describe the diurnal modulation of the total/high/convective cloud fraction and the diurnal evolution of the size spectrum and initiation/dissipation of the convective systems. Radar 2 km CAPPI were used to describe the diurnal cycle of the rain fraction for different thresholds and the diurnal evolution of the size spectrum and initiation/ dissipation of the rain cells. An average over the four rain gauge networks was applied to describe the average hourly rainfall. The upper air network data set was used to compute the thermodynamic variables: equivalent potential temperature (q e ), convective available potential energy (CAPE), thickness of positive buoyancy, instability, and convective inhibition. High and convective cloud area fractions reach their maximum some hours after the maximum rainfall detected by rain gauge and radar 2 km CAPPI. The minimum cloud cover occurs only a few hours before the maximum precipitation and the maximum cloud cover occurs during the night. The maximum rainfall takes place at the time of the maximum initiation of the convective systems observed by satellite and rain cells. At the time of maximum precipitation the majority of the convective systems and rain cells are small sized and present the maximum increasing area fraction rate. The diurnal evolution of q e also presents a very clear diurnal variation, with maximum occurring in the early afternoon. The CAPE is well related to q e . When q e is high CAPE is high; the atmosphere is unstable and has a deep layer of positive buoyancy and small convective inhibition. These results suggest the following mechanism controlling the diurnal of convection: In the morning, cloud cover decreases as the solar flux reaching the surface increases and consequently increases q e . In the early afternoon, convection rapidly develops, high and convective cloud fractions increase rapidly, and the maximum precipitation and initiation is observed. After convection is developed the atmosphere profile is modified, reaching a nearly saturated state; the water vapor flux decreases in the boundary layer which becomes very stable, thereby inhibiting surface fluxes and consequently extinguishing the convection.

The sub‐monthly intra‐seasonal 8–24‐day period (SIS8‐24) timescale variability of the summer (1 November to 31 March) rainfall over South America (SA) under distinct inter‐annual (IA) backgrounds was analysed using the Tropical Rainfall Measure Mission (TRMM) based daily total precipitation data for the 1998–2012 period. The IA backgrounds refer to the El Niño (EN) and La Niña (LN) years. First, the summer daily precipitation anomaly fields were subject to the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. Using the first and the second principal component time series filtered at the SIS8‐24 timescale, positive and negative events were selected. The first SIS8‐24 mode features a precipitation anomaly dipole with centres over southeastern SA (SESA) and central and eastern tropical SA both extending southeastwards into the adjacent Atlantic Ocean. The second mode features a precipitation anomaly pattern similar to that previously documented for the oceanic South Atlantic convergence zone (SACZ). The SIS8‐24 precipitation anomaly patterns for the positive (negative) events show differences in the anomaly intensities between EN and LN years, but with almost the same locations of the anomaly centres. These differences result from the variability inter‐SIS8‐24 events, as indicated by the distinct paths of the SIS8‐24 Rossby wave train patterns in the subtropics, although they are regionally locked over tropical SA. The relation between the SIS8‐24 and IA variabilities might occur through variations in the Rossby wave train patterns. The Rossby wave trains of both timescales, depending on their phases, reinforce or weaken the rainfall anomalies over SA, in such a way that the rainfall anomalies over SA show similar patterns but with distinct magnitudes for EN and LN composites. The South American precipitation responses to the combined SIS8‐24 and IA variability timescales stratified according to the IA backgrounds have not been studied before and might be useful for operational forecasting services.

With economic development and population growth, the amount of waste generated by humanity has dramatically increased. Many Brazilian municipalities face problems related to the issue of waste, especially when it comes to small municipalities that are difficult to access such as the municipality of Beruri. This work aimed to propose a solid waste management plan in the community located in the municipality of Beruri village of Itapuru. The work was carried out in 4 stages with the use of tools such as questionnaires, lectures and recycling workshops at the Osvaldo Nazaré Veríssimo school. After data collection and analysis, it was concluded that the inhabitants of the village have little knowledge regarding the treatment of solid waste. As a mitigating measure he proposed application of environmental education in school and association, elaboration of a waste management plan, creation of recycling cooperative and with posts.

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The city of Manaus has numerous waterways in its urban perimeter, and, despite this, there is a shortage of measures aimed at protecting water resources that has generated occupations very close to the riverbeds. This work aims to characterize a watershed in an urban area of Manaus and map the areas subject to flooding around the Franceses Stream. The methodology applied involved obtaining topographic and thematic information such as morphology, geographical location, elevations, extent, area, level curves (water dividers) of the basin, obtained through georeferenced satellite images in a GIS environment.In addition, monthly satellite precipitation via the CHIRPS product was used for the calculations. The physical characteristics of the basin were determined using equations employed in hydrology. The results indicated that the Franceses Stream basin is not subject to major flooding, presenting the following characteristics: compactness coefficient Kc = 5.71; form factor Kf = 0.36; circularity index Ic = 0.03; drainage density Dd = 0.94km-1. It was also found that, despite the intense occupation, there is preserved vegetation within the basin. It was concluded that the precipitation estimated by CHIRPS is efficient because it has a larger coverage, and that knowing the characteristics of watersheds in urban environments is of great importance to subsidize intervention measures and planning policies that ensure the protection of water resources and minimize inconvenience to the population. It was also found that the use of GIS is an important tool for analyzing information in hydrological studies, and that it needs to become an increasingly applied tool in urban management, so that the knowledge obtained can be used to obtain better environmental and social conditions.

Competitive increasingly markets require organizations to be competitive which is not always possible because of financial and technical constraints. These limitations can be overcome through partnerships between organizations in a network format. Networks can be considered instruments favo rable to the development and success of organizations. Networks can be understood as a set of different organizations with distinct knowledge and skills that have common interests. Together they constitute a set of skills and employ varied resources, for a certain period of time, for the common goal to be achieved. Knowing the organizational profile of the companies representing the phytocosmetics segment installed in the state and knowing who their partners are and the types of knowledge they use and creat e can be the first step towards the creation of networks that stimulate the sector in the State, promoting local development And the competitiveness of these companies.

The implementation of the environmental management system (EMS) in large companies arises from the need to standardize operations and reduce environmental impacts. The general objective of the study is to develop a protocol for an environmental management system based on ISO 14001 standards in a natural gas company in the region of Amazonas-AM. The monitoring data, indicators of the SGA used in this work were collected in a gas pipeline company in the North region, located in Manaus. In the development of this work, the methodology used consists of exploratory, documentary, with quali-quantitative data, where a survey of information about the EMS of the companies and the logistical system used for the execution of the EMS activities was carried out. The information was collected through interviews and questionnaires applied to the company's environmental professionals. It is concluded that in an internal context, the company is well strengthened because within its processes in the value chain, there are well-structured areas such as Social Management, Environmental Management in its licensing, monitoring and environmental auditing segments, which contribute to ensuring legal, contractual and international standardization requirements, such as those of the ISO 14001:2015 standard. However, the work found, in a comparative analysis with other regions, that the region's logistics system is the main challenge for the company that works with natural gas that affects organizational activities and, consequently, its EMS is affected. Therefore, it appears that the aspect that must be developed immediately to improve the EMS is logistics.