This paper discusses materials of studying the morphological properties of alluvial soils in the floodplain ecosystems of Western Siberia. It reveals the peculiarities and main regularities of their changes in different pollution zones (the Contamination source being an impact zone). The state of the morphological peculiarities of technogenically polluted soils is compared with background analogs. The article describes the technogenic signs in the upper horizons of chemical-contaminated soils at different levels of oil hydrocarbon (OHC) pollution. There have been identified correlations between the content of total oil hydrocarbons (OHC) in horizon AY v, x and its color parameters measured in the Munsell system.
The article discloses the trends of technogenic salts distribution in alluvial soils contaminated with oil and petroleum products. The salt distribution was examined in the lateral direction – impact zone, oil contamination boundary, as well as radial salts distribution within the soil profile (to 100 cm depth). Specifics and chemistry of technogenic halogenesis process (freely soluble including phytotoxic salts content, qualitative composition, migration and distribution trends) has been identified for soils of different contaminated zones. It was revealed that technogenic salinization of alluvial soils (that is the end body of the cascaded geochemical systems) is an essential geoecological factor contributing to formation within oil-contaminated areas of new technogenic soil-geochemical successions – chemical-contaminated soils, showing the features of salinity not typical for humid climate. The technique of technogeneous saline soil remediation was suggested based on indigenous halophyte plants phytomelioration sowing.
The paper presents an analysis of field and experimental studies of the main physicochemical parameters of oil-contaminated soils of floodplain ecosystems of the middle taiga subzone of Western Siberia. The features and main regularities of their change in different pollution zones (epicenter - impact zone) are revealed. The state of the physicochemical parameters of technogenically contaminated soils is compared with background analogs. The most important groups of chemical compounds and elements that pose an environmental hazard are considered - oil and oil products, technogenic readily soluble salts (including their toxic compounds), the ways of their migration, transformation and accumulation in contaminated soils. General recommendations are given on the use of the discovered regularities in the technical maps of reclamation measures and the system for monitoring contaminated soils.
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