Erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight, a devastating disease affecting some plants of the Rosaceae family. We isolated bacteriophages from samples collected from infected apple and pear trees along the Wasatch Front in Utah. We announce 19 high-quality complete genome sequences of E. amylovora bacteriophages.
Lithium, used in conjunction with sodium metal, produces a high yield of biphenyl when reacted with dibenzothiophene, dibenzothiophene sulfoxide or dibenzothiophene sulfone.
Abstract. Besides performing multiple ecosystem services individually and collectively,
biocrust constituents may also create biological networks connecting
spatially and temporally distinct processes. In the fungal loop hypothesis
rainfall variability allows fungi to act as conduits and reservoirs,
translocating resources between soils and host plants. To evaluate the extent
to which biocrust species composition and nitrogen (N)
form influence loops, we created a minor, localized rainfall event containing
15NH4+ and 15NO3-. We then measured the
resulting δ15N in the surrounding dry cyanobacteria- and
lichen-dominated crusts and grass, Achnatherum hymenoides, after
24 h. We also estimated the biomass of fungal constituents using
quantitative PCR and characterized fungal
communities by sequencing the 18S rRNA gene. We found evidence for the
initiation of fungal loops in cyanobacteria-dominated crusts where
15N, from 15NH4+, moved 40 mm h−1 in
biocrust soils with the δ15N of crusts decreasing as the
radial distance from the water addition increased (linear mixed effects model
(LMEM)): R2=0.67, F2,12=11, P=0.002). In cyanobacteria crusts, δ15N, from
15NH4+, was diluted as Ascomycota biomass increased (LMEM:
R2=0.63, F2,8=6.8, P=0.02), Ascomycota accounted for
82 % (±2.8) of all fungal sequences, and one order, Pleosporales,
comprised 66 % (±6.9) of Ascomycota. The seeming lack of loops in
moss-dominated crusts may stem from the relatively large moss biomass
effectively absorbing and holding N from our minor wet deposition
event. The substantial movement of 15NH4+ may indicate a
fungal preference for the reduced N form during amino acid
transformation and translocation. We found a marginally significant
enrichment of δ15N in A. hymenoides leaves but
only in cyanobacteria biocrusts translocating 15N, offering
evidence of links between biocrust constituents and higher plants. Our
results suggest that minor rainfall events may initiate fungal loops
potentially allowing constituents, like dark septate Pleosporales, to rapidly
translocate N from NH4+ over NO3- through
biocrust networks.
Background: The Decipher test measures expression of 22 RNA biomarkers associated with aggressive prostate cancer used to improve risk stratification of patients to help guide management. To date, Decipher's genomic classification has not been extensively correlated with specific histologic growth patterns in prostatic adenocarcinoma. With a growing understanding of the clinical aggressiveness associated with cribriform growth pattern (CF), intraductal carcinoma (IDC), and percent Gleason pattern 4 (G4%), we sought to determine if their presence was associated with an increased genomic risk as measured by the Decipher assay.Design: Clinical use of the Decipher assay was performed on the highest Gleason score (GS) tumor nodule of prostatectomy specimens from a prospective cohort of 48 patients, with GS varying from 7 through 9 to help guide clinical risk stratification.The tumors were reviewed for CF, IDC, and G4%, which were then compared to the Decipher score (0-1) and risk stratification (high vs not high).
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