Ice-ice disease in cultivated algae occurs due to pathogenic bacterial infections. Generally, ice-ice disease is characterized by whitening of the branches and initiated with the color changes of the thalli becomes transparent. This study was aimed to isolate and identify bacteria on seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa infected by ice-ice. Isolated bacteria was inoculated in Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) and Thiosulphate Citrate Bile Sucrose (TCBS). Morphological and biochemical characterization of the bacterial isolates revealed eight species of bacteria were found in infected thalli including Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Micrococcus sp., Corinoverm sp., Cytophaga sp., Vibrio mimicus and V. Campbelii, but not all identified bacteria are pathogens on Gracilaria verrucosa. The pathogenic bacteria were Acinetobacter sp, Pseudomonas sp, Bacillus sp, Cytophaga sp. and Vibrio sp.
The stability of mangrove crabs (Scylla serrata Forsska 0 l) production were still constrained, especially the high mortality in the larval stage caused by vibriosis infection in the form of vibrio bacterial attack, so natural extracts as antibacterial such as R.stylosa and A.marina were needed. The purpose of this study was to assess the antibacterial activity R.Stylosa and A.marina of mangrove fruit extracts through in-vitro as the cause vibriosis of mangrove crab larvae. (Scylla serrata F). On fruit sample and extraction of active ingredients R.Stylosa and A.marina fruit were the initial stages of the study, then continued with bacterial isolation, soaked calculation of% and antibacterial activity test for antibacterial on vibrio bacteria. The results of the soaked calculation of% R.stylosa at the concentration of 2 mg / disk / 50 μl, the highest obtained in metanol was 12.92% and A.marina was 8.61% in metanol; The results of antibacterial activity based on inhibition zone area, for the highest R.stylosa in solvent metanol (11.40 mm) , in V.harveyi bacteria, then followed by 7.18 mm in V. alginolyticus bacteria, then 7.03 mm in V.paraemolyticus bacteria, where as the results of antibacterial activity based on inhibition zone area, for the highest A.marina in the Chloroform solvent (21.09mm), in V.harveyi bacteria, then followed 19 .08mm in V. paraemolyticus bacteria, and 11.80mm in V.alginolyticus bacteria. Obstacle zones obtained categorized as moderate to very high (> 11-<15mm = moderate; height = 15-20 mm; and very high => 20mm) based on the description at Zainuddin (2006) so that they met the requirements to be applied through in-vivo.
Seaweed is an important export commodity, making a substantial contribution to the income of coastal fish farmers in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. In particular, kappa carrageenan from Kappaphycus alvarezii is a widely used raw material in the pharmaceutical, food, and other industries and Indonesia is currently ranked as the top carrageenan-producing sea weed exporting country. Crop failure in seaweed cultivation is mostly caused by disease. In Kappaphycus alvarezii crops, ice-ice and epiphytic diseases have been identified, and more information is required to develop ways to control these diseases. This study aimed to investigate these diseases and their effect on growth and carrageenan quality in this species. The research was conducted in Malosoro Bay, Jeneponto District, South Sulawesi. Observations on the effect of disease on seaweeds grown using a long line culture method were conducted "insitu". Observation on carrageenan quality was conducted in the laboratory using a Completely Randomized Design. Growth and carrageenan content data were analyzed using a one way ANOVA. The results showed that presence of these diseases had a significant effect (P<0.05) on K. alvarezii growth, thallus strength and integrity, and carrageenan content.Keywords Carrageenan; Ice-ice; Disease; Epiphytic; Kappaphycus alvarezii; Seaweed BackgroundIndonesia is the leading seaweed producer in the world (FAO, 2016). Currently, the seaweed export from Indonesia has reached 169,113 tons per year or equivalent to USD$ 134,348,000 (Statistics Department of Commerce, 2012) where Sulawesi contributes approximately 60% of the volume. The cultured seaweed in Sulawesi is dominated by Kappaphycus spp. foremost K. alvarezii.Presently, there are several problems faced by the seaweed farmers in Sulawesi that the cultured seaweed has infected by diseases for example epiphyte parasites and ice-ice diseases. Besides that, the quality of the seed is also gradually decreased due to multiple used of the thallus. These conditions led to the production decline and even threatened to harvest failure (Afrianto and Liviawati, 1993).Post-harvest handling is still constrained in conjunction with the drying mainly in the rainy season and drying technique is simple and does not consider the quality of seaweed on the results of the process of drying on the sand, roadside and other techniques that do not support to find the products seaweed quality. Seaweed processing is also just up the seaweed processing of raw materials or semi-finished namely dried seaweed, which is processed into chips and semi refine carrageenan, then exported.The low attention to make a plan in order to increase the maximum added value as a plan activities that make an assessment at the stage of implementation of an activity from upstream to downstream or from aquaculture production to production-ready material. Seaweed production is currently based solely on a two (2) genus that is Kappaphycus spp. reared in sea and Gracillaria spp. reared in brackish-water ponds which both the ge...
At the level of severe attack, the type of vibrio bacteria cause 100% death in mangrove crab larvae, it can be overcome by using mangrove fruit extracts. Research information on the antibacterial activity of R.Stylosa and A.marina mangrove fruit extracts that cause vibriosis of mangrove crab larvae (Scylla serrata F), including further research on the minimum concentration of mangrove fruit extracts that still able to inhibit the growth of disease-causing bacteria in mangrove crab larvae, considering the use of medication / extracts at high doses is not safe for the early stages of mangrove crab larvae. The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum concentration of mangrove extracts (metanol R.stylosa and Chloroform A.marina) that can inhibit vibriosis in mangrove crab larvae (S. serrata). This study systematically began with fruit sample collection, extraction of R.Stylosa and A.marina active ingredients, bacterial isolation,% of extract calculation and antibacterial activity test for vibrio bacteria, then the minimum mangrove extract concentration or MIC (Minimum inhibition Concentration) test . The MIC test results of metanol extract of R.stylosa fruit were found at concentrations of 1000 ug / mL, where the minimum categorized concentration with area of 6.67ug / mL diamater inhibition zone, and the MIC test results of A.marina chloroform extract were found at concentrations of 250 ug/mL, which the minimum categorized concentration with an area of diameters of inhibition of 8.26 ug / m. The MIC test value is still categorized as safe to be applied to mangrove crab larvae (S. serrata).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.