The psammophytic steppes of the Kursk and Belgorod regions 1 ФГБОУ ВО «Курский государственный университет», кафедра общей биологии и экологии 305000, Россия, г. Курск, ул. Радищева, 33. Тел.: +7 (4712) 56-19-11, e-mail: kaf-ecolbiol@yandex 59-92-56, e-mail: alekhin@zapoved-kursk.ru Аннотация. В статье разработана синтаксономия сообществ псаммофитных степей Курской и Белгородской обла-стей. Установлены две новые ассоциации: Artemisio campestris-Stipetum capillatae ass. nov. hoc loco и Veronico prostratae-Stipetum borysthenicae ass. nov. hoc loco. Ассоциации включены в состав нового подсоюза Artemisio campestrisStipenion capillatae suball. nov. hoc loco (союз Festucion valesiacae класса Festuco-Brometea), объединяющего сообще-ства псаммофитных степей подзоны луговых степей юго-запада Среднерусской возвышенности.Ключевые слова: синтаксономия, псаммофитные степи, Festuco-Brometea, Курская область, Белгородская область.Abstract. In the article the syntaxonomy of the communities of the psammophytic steppes of the Kursk and Belgorod regions is worked out. Two new associations: Artemisio campestris-Stipetum capillatae ass. nov. hoc loco and Veronico prostratae-Stipetum borysthenicae ass. nov. hoc loco. are described. The associations are included in the new suballiance Artemisio campestris-Stipenion capillatae suball. nov. hoc loco (alliance Festucion valesiacae of the class FestucoBrometea), which unites communities of psammophytic steppes of the subzone of meadow steppes of the south-western part of the Central Russian Upland.
The article deals with the effect of sowing density of spores on ontogenesis of gametophytes Matteuccia struthi-opteris (L.) Tod. This species is included in the Red Data Book of the Kursk Region (Krasnaia…, 2017). The ability to form viable gametophytes from spores in Matteuccia struthiopteris is often reduced and depends on many factors, including the population density of the seedlings themselves. Among the numerous forms of thalli of gametophytes in M. struthiopteris (filamentous, spatulate, asymmetric, cordate, wide-heart), only wide-heart thalli form an archegonial cushion capable of fertilization and formation of a zygote with further development of sporophyte. Under natural conditions, the presence of young sporophytes is an important factor contributing to the rejuvenation of populations of M. struthiopteris and an increase in their vitality. In the course of the study, it was established how significant the mutual influence of gametophytes is for their development.
Аннотация. В статье приведена синтаксономия лесных сообществ Михайловского горно-обогатительного комбината (Курская область). Описаны базальные сообщества двух типов: Trifolium pratense-Betula pendula [Quercetalia roboris / Molinio-Arrhenatheretea / Epilobietea angustifoii] и Betula pendula-Robinia pseudoacacia [Chelidonio-Robinietalia]. Преобладающим типом лесных сообществ на отвалах комбината являются мелколиственные леса с доминированием Betula pendula, Populus tremula, Salix caprea. Характерной особенностью этих сообществ является несформированность, они представляют собой длительно существующую стадию сукцессионного ряда. Факторами, препятствующими дальнейшему ходу сукцессии, то есть внедрению в сообщество широколиственных пород и формированию зональных широколиственных лесов, являются почвенно-гидрологические условия отвалов и постоянные антропогенные нарушения. Сообщества с доминированием Robinia pseudoacacia распространены локально на небольших по площади участках и отличаются бедностью флористического состава Ключевые слова: синтаксономия, лесные сообщества, Курская область, Михайловский горнообогатительный комбинат.
. Plant communities dominated by the invasive species Galega orientalis, common in natural and anthropogenic habitats, have been identified in Kursk Region. On anthropogenic ecotopes (wastelands, roadsides), phytocoenoses of the ass. Galigetum orientalis are formed as a result of introduction of Galega orientalis into communities of the order Agropyretalia intermedio–repentis (class Artemisietea vulgaris). In natural habitats, Galega orientalis spreads in mesophylous meadow communities (order Arrhenatheretalia, class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea), while derivative communities Galega orientalis [Arrhenatheretalia] are formed. Galega orientalis is unevenly present in derivative communities, forming separate loci, as a result, its cover is less intensive than in anthropogenic communities. It may be due to a more intensive distribution of this species in disturbed habitats. Comparison of ranges of values of environmental factors showed that derivative communities are formed in wetter habitats. Phytocoenoses of the association are characterized by wider variation in values of acidity and richness of soils in mineral nitrogen.
Geobotanical survey and classification of communities of oak plantations of the city of Kursk has been carried out. The described phytocoenoses are attributed to the non-rank community Fraxinus pennsylvanica–Quercus robur within the order Carpinetalia betuli, whose species are most represented in the coenoflora of this syntaxon. Variants with thr differences in the species composition and habitat conditions have been established in the community: typica, Lonicera caprifolium, Robinia pseudoacacia. Lonicera caprifolium is dominant in the phytocoenoses of var. Lonicera caprifolium and has the characteristics of an aggressive invasive plant. It forms a dense cover in the grass layer and suppresses shrubs and woody growth. Communities of var. Robinia pseudoacacia are characterized by a high closeness of the crowns of the shrub layer formed by Robinia pseudoacacia. The grass layer in them is poorly developed due to the allelopathic effects of this invasive species. The conducted research makes it possible to assess the current state of the artificial forests of the city of Kursk and monitor changes in their composition and structure.
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