Bovine thyroid glands from different countries in Europe and human thyroid glands from Lower Saxony (Federal Republic of Germany) show isotopic 129I/127I ratios of 2.1 X 10(-9) to 8.2 X 10(-8) for cattle and 2.1 X 10(-9) to 8 X 10(-8) in humans. These values give information about the concentration of fallout 129I in Europe since most of these glands were collected in areas without nuclear facilities. Some of the human thyroids were collected after the Chernobyl accident between May 1986 and February 1988. Results obtained from human thyroids taken in some locations of Lower Saxony show no significant increase of the 129I during this time. Higher concentrations of 129I were only found in cattle grazing in the vicinity of a reprocessing plant in Mol, Belgium. Samples of soil, vegetation, milk, and water from this area contained higher than normal concentrations of 129I. The long-term transfer of radioiodine from the soil to the plant and the translocation within the soil were studied using a soil monolith with a 129I-contaminated surface. During the 4 y of the experiment, the transfer factor plant/soil decreased from 0.3 to 2.2 X 10(-3). Soil samples taken in 5-cm steps to a depth of 30 cm then at 40 and 50 cm depths showed that the transport of radioiodine to lower layers proceeds very slowly. The top 5-cm layer contained about 80% of the total radioactivity 52 mo after contamination. In an in-vivo study with a dairy cow, the transfer of radioiodine from feed to milk to cow meat and to pig thyroid gland was followed for 53 d using 129I-labeled pasture grass contaminated via roots. A part of the milk obtained from the cow was fed to a pig as a substitute for humans. The mean value of the transfer factor milk/feed was 2.4 X 10(-3) d kg-1. The values of the transfer factor cow meat/feed obtained for different muscle cuts and organs (excluding thyroid) ranged between 3.0 X 10(-4) (kidney) and 5.4 X 10(-2) d kg-1 f.w. The transfer factors pig thyroid/milk (as pig feed) and pig thyroid/cow feed exhibited values of 1.2 and 8.7 X 10(-3) d kg-1 f.w., respectively.
Abstract. The intestinal absorption of 59Fe from a diagnostic 10 ~mole (0.56 rag) 59Fe~+ test dose and 5 mg Fe equivalents of SgFe-labeled pork, hog liver and hemoglobin was measured with a 4 z geometry whole-body radioactivity detector with liquid organic scintillator and the results compared with the stainable amounts of diffuse cytoplasmatie (non-heine) storage iron in the bone marrow macrophages, serum iron concentrations and total iron-binding capacity, erythropoietic activity and other hematological parameters. Children with mild hypochromic, microcytie anemia due to heterozygous fl.thalassemia absorbed normal amounts of 5~ from the diagnostic dose of 59Fe~+ if their bone marrow macrophages contained normal or mildly increased amounts of diffuse cytoplasmatie storage iron. Depleted iron stores also caused increased absorption of diagnostic 59Fe in children with heterozygous fl-thalassemia, so that prelatent iron deficiency can be diagnosed by measurement of increased iron absorption.The diagnostic 5~Fe~+ absorption was increased to 70--100% in children with homozygous fl-thalassemia when it was measured 64--300 days after the last blood transfusion. Since all these children contained normal to increased amounts of diffuse cytoplasmatie storage iron in the bone marrow macrophages, the high intestinal iron absorption was not caused, as is usual, by depleted iron stores but coincided with considerable hyperplasia of ineffective erythropoiesis demonstrated by the increased numbers of normoblasts in the bone marrow and peripheral blood during a period of severe anemia. Blood transfusions which elevate the hemoglobin levels from 4--5 g/100 ml to 8.5--9.9 g/100 ml and suppress the erythroblastic hyperplasia in the bone marrow also reduce the increased absorption of inorganic and food iron to normal values. Interruption of blood transfusions always results in the next erythroblastic hyperplasia and a simultaneous increase of intestinal iron absorption. Mild hyperplasia of the erythropoietic system such as is observed in megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin-B~ deficiency or in hereditary spherocytosis is not sufficient to increase iron absorption. Anemia per se does not increase iron absorption, as is borne out by the observation that patients with severe aregenerative anemia or megaloblastic anemia absorb 5aFe~+ according to their normal iron stores * Supported in part by a research grant of "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft".
A young girl has undergone the typical skin manifestations of incontinentia pigmenti, leaving now only discrete hyperpigmentation on the flexor sides of the lower extremities. Each time when she has a feverish infection, a recurrence of inflammation can be seen within the hypeφigmented areas. At the same time when the fever subsides, the acute skin manifestations disappear as well. The combination of recurrent inflammatory skin manifestations within the hypepigmented skin areas of incontinentia pigmenti and fever is unique. The reasons for this phenomenon and for its strict limitation to the areas of incontinentia pigmenti remain unclear.
The effect of two forms of Prussian blue, soluble K3 Fe[Fe(CN)6] and insoluble Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3, and of ammonium iron hexacyanoferrate (II) (NH4Fe[Fe(CN)6] on intestinal radiocesium absorption was investigated in rats, pigs, and humans. In rats 5 mg of antidote administered 2 min before 134Cs tracer reduced radiocesium absorption to 2.4-6.3% of the oral dose. In pigs fed with Chernobyl-contaminated whey under normal feeding conditions for a 27 day period, radiocesium activity concentration was reduced from 360 Bq/kg in control animals to 10-30 Bq/kg by 5 g antidote/d. In man 1 g of oral Prussian blue diminished the cesium absorption from a 134Cs-labelled test meal to 5.6-6.4% of the controls. The inhibitory effects of colloidally soluble K3 Fe[Fe(CN)6] and of (NH4Fe[Fe(CN)6] were similar with slightly less inhibition by the insoluble Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3.
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