This study demonstrates RVM's clinically relevant accuracy and precision in measuring MV, TV, and RR over a 24-hour period and during various breathing patterns.
The influence of agricultural methods and soil and climatic conditions on soybean cultivation in the southern regions of the Amur Region was researched. Schemes of two-factor experiments to study the effectiveness of deepening the arable layer of soil during crop cultivation in 2014–2016 included the following options. Factor A – tillage: autumn – disk plowing or cultivation; spring disk plowing or cultivation; summer – inter-row cultivation with or without para-plowing. The options were combined in different ways, whereby the option of soil tillage with a disc harrow in autumn and spring was taken as control. Factor B: sowing with seeders SZ-5.4 and SP-3.6 L with row spacing (options – 15, 45 and 60 cm) with various tillage systems. In 2017–2018 experiments were carried out according to the following schemes. Factor A – tillage: in autumn tillage depth at 0.12 m with a disc harrower PM-8; in spring, before sowing – at 0.10 m (cultivator Case Tiger Mate 225 – control); autumn – tillage depth at 0.28 m (cultivator Lemken Karat 9/400); spring, before sowing – at 0.10 m (Case Tiger Mate 225). Factor B – seeding units included Amazon DMC 9000 (control); Amazon DMC 1200, Case Pro Disk 500 AFS, John Deer 1890, Lemken Solitair 12, Horsch Pronto 9 DC, Tom’ 12, SP-3.6 L. Deep autumn cultivation, in contrast with disk plowing, ensures a more favorable waterair regime for plants and an increase in soybean yield. Seeding units Case Pro Disk 500 AFS, John Deer 1890, Amazon DMC 9000 and SP-3.6 L used in combination with Lemken Karat 9/400 + Case Tiger Mate 255 machines for deepening the arable layer provided an increase in soybean yield by 25.0–38.3% compared to soil tillage with discs. It is recommended to use wide-span seeding units for soybean cultivation in large and medium-sized farms in fields with subdued relief in accordance with high-intensity technology. It is advisable to use SP-3.6 L seeder with a seed shoe for organic crop production in small-scale agricultural enterprises.
Департамент научно-технологической политики и образования Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Российский научно-исследовательский институт информации и технико-экономических исследований по инженерно-техническому обеспечению агропромышленного комплекса»
One of the conditions for achieving maximum land productivity is optimal soil density. In the Amur Region, ecological compaction thresholds for cereals are 1.0-1.24 grams per cubic centimeter, for soybeans – 1.09-1.25, which corresponds to a normal pressure of 80-120 kilopascals, depending on soil moisture. The authors showed that the tractors used in the Amur Region, acting on the soil, exceed the ecological compaction threshold. (Research purpose) To substantiate the ecological compatibility of mobile fi eld energy, primarily tractors engaged in fi eld work, in terms of the compacting eff ect from the normal load transmitted by their propulsion drive to the soil. (Materials and methods) The authors analyzed the experimental data on changes in density, hardness and resistance of soil to processing. An empirical dependence was obtained for calculating the increase in resistance to soil cultivation from the compaction load in a layer of 0-20 centimeters. (Results and discussion) The authors established an increase in plowing resistance of 12-25 percents at a normal load of 138-170 kilopascals, transmitted by the machine propulsion drive, which corresponded to a soil density of 1.25-1.30 grams per cubic centimeter; at a load of 180-250 kilopascals, the resistance increased by 43-50 percents which was equivalent to a soil density of 1.30-1.35 grams per cubic centimeter; at a pressure of 300-350 kilopascals, these indicators increased by 60-67 percents and up to 1.40-1.45 grams per cubic centimeter; and at 400 kilopascals, they showed an increase in resistance of 70-90 percents which is comparable to a density of 1.48 grams per cubic centimeter. (Conclusions) It was determined that the limit value of the normal pressure under the machine propulsion drive in fi eld work should be limited to 150-175 kilopascals. The ecological threshold of normal pressure was established – no more than 120-135 kilopascals with soil moisture of 20-23 percents which was comparable to the soil density of 1.2-1.25 grams per cubic centimeter. The limiting value of the normal pressure of the propulsion drive on the soil was calculated – 350 Pa, which corresponded to the critical soil compaction of 1.30 grams per cubic centimeter.
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