The purpose of the study was to determine the factors affecting academic staff motivation and retention among selected universities in Iringa Municipal Council. The study assessed motivational and retention strategies employed by selected universities in retaining academic staff. It determined whether there is staff motivation and retention policy among the selected universities in the region.The study also analyzed whether motivation and retention policies are effectively implemented among the selected universities in Iringa Municipal Council. This study used quantitative approach and adopted case study design to establish factors affecting academic staff motivation and retention among the selected universities. Questionnaires were used as the survey instrument. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select respondents from the entire population. Then non probability sampling was used to select a representative sample from each stratum. A sample size of 100 was drawn from the study population. The data were collected by using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze data collected from the respondents and SPSS version 20 and excel Microsoft application were used to process data.Findings on the factors affecting academic staff motivation and retention revealed that work environment, promotional practices, feedback system, recognition and appreciation, training and 2 development have weighted mean above the neutral point (3) while orientation and induction, intention to stay, academic staff expectation and motivation and retention strategies have weighted mean below the neutral point. Upon measuring the strategies, regression were employed, and findings depict that clear career path , job security, promotion opportunities were found to have a strong effect on academic staff retention with coefficient value of 0.5482, 0.4820 and 0.4263 respectively. These findings imply that the majority of respondents consider these three strategies as important compared to others; they thought security and clear career path will make them to stay long in these universities. The majority 73% pointed out that if these retention and motivation policies are not implemented accordingly, they would be forced to quit. Only 27% of all respondents agreed that these policies are implemented accordingly.

This paper examined the factors that determine customer satisfaction with ATM services offered by CDRB Bank in Tanzania specifically Iringa Municipality. Considering that there are divergent views on dimensions of customer satisfaction as regards ATMs as established by miscellaneous researchers, the current study therefore aimed at determining dimensions that truly associate with customer satisfaction and the effect of each dimension on customer satisfaction specifically in the Tanzanian context. A quantitative study described the relationship between social economic factors, various aspects of ATM services and customer satisfaction was applied to 100 respondents drawn from 340 CRDB customers who are also holders of ATM cards. Results reveal customers usually use basic ATM services such as balance inquiry and withdrawal. The relationship between overall customer satisfaction and convenience, efficient operation, security, reliability, responsiveness and cost were significant at p<0.01. Privacy was found to have a negative significant relationship with overall customer satisfaction at P<0.05. The study suggests that CRDB bank should develop strategies to motivate its customers to use emerging ATM services apart from basic.

Using data from the 2004 wave of the Afrobarometer survey, this study examines correlates of household hardship in three countries of sub-Saharan Africa: Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Findings provide partial support for the hypothesized relationship. Specifically, poverty reduction initiatives and informal assistance are associated with reduced hardship while civic engagement is related to an increase in household hardship. We also note that certain demographic characteristics are linked to hardship. Policy and practice implications are suggested.