The tea collection of the FRC SSC RAS (Sochi, Maykop in Russia) represents one of the northernmost germplasm comprising a number of locally derived cultivars and ɣ-irradiation mutants. The latter are often characterized by larger genome size, which may lead to better adaptation to biotic and abiotic stress. Such genotypes may be a valuable genetic resource for better adaptability to extreme environmental conditions, which could enable tea cultivation outside global growing regions. Microsatellite markers are often the best choice for genetic diversity analysis in genebank collections. However, their use in polyploid species is questionable because simple sequence repeat (SSR) allele dosage cannot be readily determined. Therefore, the efficiency of SSR and start codon targeted (SCoT) markers was investigated using 43 selected cultivars from the Russian genebank collection derived from mutant breeding and clonal selection. Previously, the increase in genome size was confirmed in 18 mutants within this collection. Despite the presence of polyploid tea genotypes, our study revealed higher efficiency of SSR markers than SCoT markers. Subsequent SSR analysis of the 106 genotypes in the Russian genebank collection revealed three distinct genetic clusters after STRUCTURE analysis. Greater genetic variation was observed within genetic clusters than between clusters, indicating low genetic variation between collections. Nevertheless, the northernmost tea collection exhibited a greater genetic distance from the other two clusters than they did from each other. Close genetic relationships were found between many cultivars with particularly large leaves and mutant forms. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed a significant, moderate correlation between genome size and leaf area size. Our study shows that microsatellite fingerprinting is useful to estimate the genetic diversity and genetic background of tea germplasm in Russia despite polyploid tea accessions. Thus, the results of our study contribute to the development of future tea germplasm conservation strategies and modern tea breeding programs.
Non-anthropoid primates cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), also known as crab-eating macaques, are increasingly used in biomedical and preclinical studies due to their evolutionary proximity to humans, sharing similar diets, infectious and senile diseases. Age-related changes and sexual dimorphism of the immune system of C. monkeys have not been sufficiently characterized in literature, though age and sex differences affect the course of diseases and sensitivity to medications. Aging in C. monkeys is accompanied by an increase in CD3+CD4+CD8+ (DP-T) cells, plasma B-cells, and a decrease in platelets. Erythromyeloid bias has also been noticed in older animals. There was an increase in eosinophils, haematocrit (HCT) and haemoglobin concentration (HGB). Senile decline in the function of the immune system had sex differences. An increase in the number of monocytes, cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) and a decrease in the T-helper population were more pronounced in older females. A significant reduction in the number of B-cells and activated T-cells was detected in males only. A moderate correlation with the regression model of aging was established for DP-T, HCT and HGB. The reduction in the B cells count in males and the increase in CTL level in females are moderately correlated with age. Other blood cell populations did not show significant correlations in the regression models due to their high sample variability. The novel cell population CD3-CD20loCD16/CD56+, presumably NK-cells subset, was revealed. This cell population demonstrated an increase trend with age in both sexes. Population-statistical age norms for different sexes for young and very old macaques were established. The blood population clusters associated with sex and immune status in older animals were also identified.
This short report summarizes the results of recent immunological studies performed at new Sirius University of Science and Technology. The report focuses on studying the features of the immune response to vaccination and revaccination against SARS-CoV-2, as well as on a search of potential agents to prevent infection with this virus.
This short report summarizes the results of recent immunological studies conducted at the new Sirius University of Science and Technology. The main area of work is dedicated to the study of the features of the post-vaccination immune response against SARS-CoV-2, as well as the search for potential agents to block that infection.
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