This research is relevant due to the need to improve the efficiency of engineering activities in the conditions of modern scientific and technical progress. To solve this problem, we showed the importance of creativity in the development of technical systems. Technical creativity optimization is associated with the use of methodological approaches. Different methodological approaches which reflect various structural levels of technical creativity are considered in the research. Technical creativity features associated with qualitative and quantitative processes of technical systems improving are shown. Differences in methodological approaches are indicated. There is particular importance in the development of technical systems has a methodology for resolving technical contradictions. The study is novel in the methodological approaches differentiation which reflects processes of development and improvement at various structural levels of technology. Keywords-methodological approaches; technical creativity; qualitative and quantitative changes; technical contradiction; technical system; development and improvement of technical systems; technical creativity optimization; scientific and technical view of the world I.
We demonstrated the importance of methodological approaches in the studies of environmental phenomena. We also analyzed the features of the interdisciplinary, integrated, systemic, structural, probabilistic approaches. A comparative analysis of them was done. The limitations of the implementation of each method separately were observed to prove them to be used together for better results, especially its efficiency in ecological studies. The environmental orientation of the examined approaches was of a particular interest, which added a certain novelty to the article. We made conclusions and gave recommendations as a final note.
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