The double MaReCo (symmetric reflector geometry) solar collector (DM-CPVT) has been designed and developed by MG Sustainable Engineering AB (MG) and the University of Gävle (HiG). Performance and overall electrical and thermal parameters of the collector have been studied and presented. The outdoor tests have been performed in both Sweden during the summer months of 2020 and Greece in September of 2020. The goal of the studied designs is to optimize the incoming solar radiation that can be collected without the need for tracking. This is possible due to the use of a symmetric reflector geometry with low concentration factor and lower collector depth. The use of a symmetric reflector geometry allows higher annual outputs worldwide. Furthermore, a low concentration factor is necessary to avoid tracking and a lower collector depth to reduce the shading, which is particularly important for the electrical production of these DM-CPVT design concepts. The testing facilities in both locations are also described in this paper. The information on the thermal performance of a collector is important for the prediction of the energy output of any solar system. The thermal properties assessment of the DM-CPVT collector followed the procedures of the ISO 9806:2017 standard and reported. The outdoor testing results have been validated with a deviation of 2.8% and 2.4% for both thermal and electrical peak efficiencies between the testing facilities, respectively. Regarding the Incidence Angle Modifier testing results, the deviation is negligible for all angles of incidence, which shows that outdoor testing procedures can be fairly accurate when tracking systems are not available.
The use of CPVT collectors in combination with other renewable energy sources (RES) has been evaluated to develop market integrated, cost-effective and case sensitive RES solutions dairy and swine farms in view of fossilfree livestock farming practices. Electrical and thermal energy demands have been analyzed for the LVAT-ATB dairy farm in Germany, and for the ILVO swine farm in Belgium. The swine farm consumes more heat than electricity for pig raising while the dairy farm consumes more heat than electricity for milk production. A CPVT collector produced and tested by Solarus has been used to model the thermal and electrical performance output for each of the farms. Taking into consideration the demands of the farms, the use of the CPVT in a fossil-free energy system for the farm has been evaluated. For the swine farm it was suggested to make use of the higher efficiencies of the CPVT when operating at low temperatures at a mean temperature (Tm) of 20°C, to preheat grid water by 10-20°C and using to obtain the required temperatures for hot water and space heating. The specific annual thermal output of the CPVT at ILVO is 436.1 kWh/m 2 . At the LVAT dairy farm, it is suggested to use the CPVT collectors to lift the temperature of the pre-heated water recovered from the milk coolers (40°C) by 10-15°C, running at a mean temperature (Tm) of 45°C. The specific annual thermal output of the CPVT at this Tm LVAT is 375.5 kWh/m 2 . The remaining temperature difference can be supplied by an e-boiler. Running at the lowest mean temperature possible maximizes the thermal efficiency of the solar system.
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