The white dot syndromes (WDS) are a diverse group of posterior uveitidies that share similar clinical findings but are unique from one another. Multimodal imaging has allowed us to better understand the morphology, the activity and age of lesions, and whether there is CNV associated with these different ocular pathologies. The “white dot syndromes” and their uveitic masqueraders can now be anatomically categorized based on lesion localization. The categories include local uveitic syndromes with choroidal pathology, systemic uveitic syndromes with choroidal pathology, and multifocal choroiditis with outer retinal/choriocapillaris pathology with uveitis and without uveitis. Neoplastic and infectious etiologies are also discussed given their ability to masquerade as WDS.
Ocular pain is most commonly associated with redness and inflammation; however, eye pain can also occur in the absence of grossly visible pathology. Pain in the quiet eye can be the first sign of a number of threatening conditions. Many of these conditions such as intermittent angle closure glaucoma, carotid artery dissection, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and giant cell arteritis can lead to permanent vision loss or blindness. In this review, ocular history and examination techniques are summarized. The article also reviews pertinent ocular, orbital, referred, and other causes of eye pain in the quiet eye. The neurologist and headache specialist should recognize when consultation with an ophthalmologist is necessary.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.