The “Fourth checklist of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi of Ukraine”, including 2150 accepted scientific names based on published records as well as analysis of current additions are provided. Current additions include 439 taxa newly recorded for Ukraine after the third checklist of lichens of Ukraine by Kondratyuk et al. (2010) and 262 nomenclatural novelties. Annotations to each taxon of 318 newly recorded to Ukraine are provided in the style of the second checklist by Kondratyuk et al. (1998), i.e. data on phytogeographical regions and administrative districts (oblasts) of Ukraine as well as references to published papers are provided. Among current additions 99 taxa were annotated in the Checklist of lichenicolous fungi of Ukraine by Darmostuk and Khodosovtsev (2017) and consequent references to the latter are provided.The conclusion confirms the earlier recommendation that national checklists of lichens are to be re-published more often than once a decade.

Чорноморський ботанічний журнал-том 9, № 3 (2013) Methods for phenotypic evaluation of crustose lichens with emphasis on Teloschistaceae 383 Описаны базовые правила сбора, подготовки и измерения материала. Предлагаемый процес описания фенотипа разделен на два этапа: (1) предварительное исследование проводится на ограниченном числе образцов, у которых оцениваются все возможные признаки; (2) детальное исследование большого количества образцов, которое включает описание только потенциально диагностических признаков, выбранных по результатам предварительного исследовани, исходя из их диагностической значимости. Ключевые слова: оценка признака, анатомия и морфология лишайников, описание фенотипа, стандартизация Amphithecium: see thalline exciple. Areoles: thallus units attached to the substrate by the entire lower surface; horizontal outline angular or rounded, ± isodiametric; areoles may be separated from each other (scattered) or forming small separated groups or they may be adjacent (contiguous areolate thalli). Other definitions and meanings of areoles exist [e.g. TØNSBERG, 1992], but our definition is suitable for studies on the morphology of Teloschistaceae. Ascospore septum (width): width of cell wall in partition of 1-septate or polarilocular ascospores (figs 4-6); some authors [e.g. WETMORE 1994, 1996] use the term isthmus, but it logically refers to the thin cytoplasmatic channel within the septum. The septum has also been denoted as "equatorial thickening" or "equatorial wall-thickening" [e.g. GAYA 2009, NAVARRO-ROSINÉS 2000] but we think these terms are confusing as it may as well be used for the thick waist occurring in citriform ascospores of the C. thallincola group. Biatorine apothecia: apothecia with well-developed or reduced true exciple, but strongly reduced or lacking thalline exciple (fig. 3). Our understanding of this term follows e.g. WIRTH [1995], but differs from the definition in SMITH et al. [2009]. "Lecideine apothecia" are similar but have black, carbonized exciples [sensu WIRTH, 1995], but this term should probably not be used within Teloschistaceae since we do not know of any species with this kind of margin. Blastidia: thallus outgrowths containing both algal cells and fungal hyphae; (typically c. 50-100 μm wide, i.e. larger than typical soredia but smaller than typical isidia); rounded, upward elongated or irregularly shaped; rarely branched; ± constricted at base; not aggregated (i.e. not forming structures like soralia); without true cortex, but thin alveolate cortex may be present. This term is sometimes used for isidia with constricted bases [e.g. TØNSBERG, 1992], but our definition is more practical for Teloschistaceae. Bullate thallus: formed of convex, seemingly inflated areoles with ± rounded horizontal outline. Cryptolecanorine apothecia: a lecanorine apothecium with a disk deeply recessed in the thallus surface and an indistinct thalline rim barely differentiated from the surrounding thallus as a low bulge; in the strict sense this term only applies to immersed lecanorine apo...

Using ITS nrDNA sequence data, the Caloplaca cerina group (Teloschistaceae) is defined here as a monophyletic, but internally richly branched lineage. The group is also characterized by a combination of morphological and anatomical characters. Its internal lineages are supported by phenotypic characters in addition to ecology and distribution. Within the large C. cerina group, we have found at least 20 phylospecies in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Two species complexes do not produce any vegetative diaspores: the polyphyletic, corticolous Caloplaca cerina s. lat. (six separated cryptic or semi-cryptic species) and the monophyletic C. stillicidiorum s. lat. that grows mainly on plant debris, small shrubs and bryophytes and consists of at least four internal lineages. All lineages producing vegetative diaspores (soredia, blastidia, isidia or lobules) are phenotypically characteristic and represent fairly easily distinguishable species: C. chlorina, C. isidiigera, C. monacensis, C. subalpina, C. thracopontica, C. turkuensis and C. ulmorum. Only the North American sorediate C. pinicola possibly represents an aggregate of species. Caloplaca sterilis is described as a new species. A key to the phenotypically distinguishable species is provided. Lectotypes are designated for C. albolutea, Caloplaca cerina f. coronulata and for C. monacensis. The Australian C. hanneshertelii belongs to this group, but this and other possible species from the Southern Hemisphere are not treated here in detail. Some species traditionally placed in the C. cerina group due to their similar morphology are excluded here on the basis of our phenotype examinations and molecular data. Caloplaca albolutea, C. mydalaea and C. virescens are uncertain taxa and their identities still remain unclear.

(1975). Усі угруповання об'єднуються у клас Ceratodonto-Polytrichetea piliferi Mohan (1978). Лишайникові угруповання є індикаторами інтенсивності дефляційних процесів на нижньодніпровських аренах. За градієнтом зменшення сили дефляції вони утворюють такий ряд: 1) Placynthiello uliginosi-Cladonietum rei (інтенсивні процеси дефляції); 2) Cladonietum subulatofimbriatae (помірні процеси дефляції); 3) Xanthoparmelietum pokornyi (рівновага між дефляційно-демутаційними процесами); 4) Сladonietum alcicornis (інтенсивні процеси демутації). Пірамідальні та коржикоподібні морфоструктури лишайника Placуnthiella uliginosa, які утворюються на пісках, також є біоіндикаторними показниками інтенсивності дефляційних процесів. Робота ілюстрована 6 фітоценотичними таблицями та рисунками. Chornomors'k. bot. .z, Vol. 7, Differences between spatial and functional positions of lichen and bryophyte associations vs. higher plant communities are shown. We recognized four lichen associations in the lower Dnieper sand dunes: Сladonietum alcicornis Klement (1953), Xanthoparmelietum pokornyi Khodosovtsev ass. nova, Placynthiello uliginosi-Cladonietum rei Khodosovtsev ass. nova, Cladonietum subulato-fimbriatae Khodosovtsev ass. nova; all belonging to the union Cladonion sylvaticae Klement (1950) from the order Peltigeretalia Klement (1950). One bryophyte association, Syntrichietum ruraliformis Boiko et Khodosovtsev ass. nova, was recognized; it belongs to the union Ceratodonto-Polytrichion piliferi (Waldh. 1947) v. Hübschm. (1967 from the order Polytrichetalia piliferi v. Hübschm. (1975). We consider the stage of stabilization of the substrate as the leading factor in succession of terricolous lichen and moss communities on sand dunes at lower Dnieper. With increasing of stabilization of weathering, lichen and bryophyte communities alternate in the following order: (1) Placynthiello uliginosi-Cladonietum rei; (2) Cladonietum subulato-fimbriatae; (3) Xanthoparmelietum pokornyi; (4) Cladonietum alcicornis. Placуnthiella uliginosa growing on sand dunes forms pyramid-forming or pancake-forming microrelief, which indicate intensities of weathering vs. stabilization.

The Caloplaca holocarpa group contains members of the family Teloschistaceae with a strongly reduced thallus and conspicuous yellow, orange or red apothecia. In the absence of well-defined thallus characters, taxa of this group must be identified mainly by apothecial characters and are as a result often difficult to separate. The species of this group have been shown not to form a monophyletic entity, with representatives of other Teloschistaceae with more complex thalli intermixed among them. Caloplaca skii and C. syvashica are recognized here as two homogeneous clades with Caloplaca holocarpa-like phenotypes. Caloplaca skii, which is widespread in southern Europe, resembles C. cerinelloides but is distinguished by its smaller and narrower ascospores and by growing predominantly on xerophilous shrubs. Caloplaca syvashica is restricted to shrubs in salt marshes in the northern Black Sea region. It is similar to the British Caloplaca suaedae and Australian C. yarraensis, but differs from both, mainly in ascospore characters. Caloplaca yarraensis is closely related to the new C. syvashica but arguments against their conspecificity are emphasised. A key for epiphytic C. holocarpa-like Teloschistaceae from Europe is provided.