Using data from 4 waves of an Australian panel study, this study offers a dynamic account of relations between personality, life events, and subjective well-being (SWB). Members of the Victorian Quality of Life panel study were interviewed 4 times : in 1981,1983,1985, and 1987. The initial sample size was 942; 649 respondents remain. The study shows that very stable personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, and openness to experience) predispose people to experience moderately stable levels of favorable and adverse life events and moderately stable levels of SWB. However, contrary to the implications of previous research (Costa & McCrae, 1980, 1984, life events influence SWB over and above the effects of personality. A dynamic equilibrium model is outlined, in which each person is regarded as having "normal" equilibrium levels of life events and SWB, predictable on the basis of age and personality. Only when events deviate from their equilibrium levels does SWB change. Unusually favorable events enhance SWB; unusually adverse events depress it. The dynamic equilibrium model is compared with 3 alternatives: personality models, adaptation level models, and models that treat life events as being wholly exogenous.Almost all previous studies of subjective well-being (SWB) have been based on cross-sectional data. This article draws on four waves of an Australian panel study, the aim of which is to understand the dynamics of SWB, and to explore the causes and processes of change.Despite the paucity of longitudinal data, several models of the dynamics of SWB have been proposed. These models may be divided into three categories: personality models, adaptation models, and models based on assessing the effects of putatively exogenous life events on SWB. We review evidence relating to each of these models and indicate why we regard them as being in need of revision. We then outline an alternative model-a dynamic equilibrium model-and conclude that it best fits the Australian panel data. McCrae (1980, 1984) are the best-known proponents of the view that SWB depends primarily on personality. They have shown that extraversion (E) and neuroticism (N) help to account for variance in SWB, and indeed that personality predicts SWB 20 years later. Their "pure" personality model appears to have two limitations. First, a combination of personality measures only accounts for a moderate amount of variance in SWB (Diener, 1984;Emmons & Diener, 1985b). Other variables, including demographic variables, social networks and, we suggest, life events need to be included in an adequate model (

Team leaders who facilitate knowledge sharing and engender trust contribute to team effectiveness. While the separate effects of leadership, trust and knowledge sharing on team performance are well documented, few scholars have investigated the specific links between these factors. This study examines the relationship between the leader as the knowledge builder, trust in the leader and in the team, knowledge sharing and team performance. Surveys were collected from 34 engineering project teams ( n=166 team members, 30 team leaders) and 18 managers in a large automotive organization. The results indicate that by building the team’s expertise, leaders enhance team members’ willingness to rely on and disclose information in the team, which in turn increases team knowledge sharing. Team knowledge sharing significantly predicted leaders’ and managers’ ratings of team performance. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

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What are the personal and work related factors which contribute to a police officer's psychological well-being? This question was examined within a Perceived Quality of Life (PQOL) framework that integrates personality, coping processes and a police officer's positive (beneficial to well-being) and negative (harmful to well-being) work experiences. Structural equation analyses were conducted on questionnaire data obtained from 527 police officers during two related studies. Two structural equation models showed that positive and negative work experiences independently contributed to an officer's PQOL, and that organizational rather than operational experiences were more important. A third model supported these findings, but showed that the personality dimensions of neuroticism and extraversion were the strongest predictors of an officer's PQOL. It was also shown that problem-focused coping resulted in positive work experiences, whereas emotion-focused coping contributed to negative work experiences. Comparisons with other community and occupational groups suggested that police reported relatively favourably levels of psychological well-being. Collectively, these results indicate that policing is not highly stressful, and demonstrate the need for a systemic view in order to understand police officers' psychological responses to their work.Due to the conceptual and methodological problems in the police stress literature (Hart, has left a paucity of information about the extent to which policing is stressful, and has resulted in relatively little being known about the factors which determine perceived quality of life among police officers (perceived quality of life, psychological well-being, and subjective wellbeing are semantic variations of the same concept, and are used interchangeably in this paper). These conceptual and methodological problems include the use of inappropriate measures, a failure to compare police officers with other occupational groups, and the lack of a theoretical framework that explains the relationship between personal and occupational characteristics in determining police officers' psychological responses to their work. Drawing on the dynamic equilibrium theory of stress proposed by Hart et al.

This project had two goals: to explain variation in residential water consumption and to evaluate methods of encouraging residents to reduce their consumption. Survey data for both studies were collected by mail questionnaire in early 1991, and water consumption figures were recorded between June and August of that year. In Study 1 (n = 264) a three‐variable regression model (number of residents, clothes washing machine loads, and property value) accounted for 60% of the variance. Attitudes, habits and values were very poor predictors of water consumption. In Study 2 (n =226) households were divided into three treatment groups: feedback only, feedback and dissonance, and a control group. Repeated‐measures ANOVA revealed that high consumers receiving dissonance and feedback or feedback alone had significantly reduced their water consumption in the treatment period. The implications of these findings are discussed.