Pioneering studies have been conducted on alternative cementitious material in the manufacturing of conventional concrete to reduce carbon emission and improve the overall efficacy. However, there are limited studies on eco-friendly materials with low calcium fly ash. This study aims to examine the strength fly ash geopolymer concrete and reduce carbon emission. In this investigation, flexural test is done for conventional and geopolymer concrete (GPC) beam samples after the fulfillment of rest period and 24 h steam curing at 60 °C. The experimental results prove that the initial characteristics of both specimens are almost similar. When GPC specimens reached the service, yield, and failure stages, the load carrying capacity, deflection increased up to 21.5 and 8.75%, respectively and better load bearing capacity, moment resistance, and crack propagation were observed more than in conventional cement. Fresh property test results indicated the achievement of standard workability without the addition of any admixture. Our study show that low calcium based geopolymer can be used as an efficient material for the alternate of cement in cement-based industries with eco-friendly nature.
Portland cement porous concrete (PCPC) has received immense interest recently due to its environmental aids. Its porous structure helps to reduce the water runoff amount while improving the recharge of groundwater. Earlier studies have concentrated on illustrating and knowing the functional as well as structural properties of PCPC. However, very few studies are available on PCPC in combination with natural silica sources as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Most SCMs are by-products of industrial manufacturing processes and cause some environmental concerns, but with their pozzolanic effect, they could be utilized as partial substitute materials for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) to enhance the strength as well as durability performance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of diatomaceous earth (DE) as a supplementary cementitious material for partial substitution of OPC for Portland cement porous concrete application. Compression strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength tests were performed to determine the effect of partial replacement. To investigate the impact of test variables, basic tests, including void content and water permeability, were also performed. Compared to the control concrete, the results show that a 15% replacement of cement with DE significantly increased the compressive strength (by 53%) while also providing adequate porosity and better water permeability. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) and regression analysis showed that there is a significant (p < 0.05) growth within the physical characteristics of concrete upon the replacement of cement by 15% DE. Collectively, the replacement of cement with DE could not only improve the concrete strength but also reduce the consumption of cement, thereby lessening the cost of construction as well as indirectly reducing the carbon footprint.
Concrete is a material made from cement that is widely used because it has a high compressive strength, is resistant to water, is easy to mold, and is cheap to make. But concrete’s biggest problem is that it’s easy to break because it does not resist cracking well, has low tensile strength, and cannot take a lot of stress. Researchers have been successful in enhancing the quality of cement composites by using fibers, admixtures, and other cementitious materials. When it comes to building objects, nanotechnology could open up a whole new world. Building materials have made nanosized materials that are used to make cementitious materials stronger and last longer. For example, they stop microcracks from starting and spreading. One of the most well-known graphene derivative nanomaterials is graphene oxide (GO), which has a lot of active oxygen-containing groups on its surface, outstanding mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity. Researchers have found that adding small amounts of GO in various dosages increases the flexural, tensile, and compressive strengths of cement paste and mortar. The majority of studies have looked at cement paste and mortar. There are few GO-concrete studies. One of the most characteristic graphene derivative nanomaterials, graphene oxide (GO), has a huge specific surface area, outstanding mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, and a lot of active oxygen-containing groups on its surface. Small amounts of GO at various dosages boost the flexural, tensile, and compressive strengths of cement paste and mortar, according to researchers. Most researches have examined cement paste and mortar. There are few GO-concrete studies. This article review paper will be useful for engineers and researchers investigating the impact of GO on mechanical qualities and advanced nanomaterials in cement-based materials like concrete. It will also be a point of reference for further research.
The study focused on the investigation of the influence of α-phase nano Al2O3 (NA) and M-sand as a fine aggregate on the partial replacement of cement by micro rice husk ash (MRHA) to enhance the mechanical properties and durability of mortar and achieve an environmentally sustainable material. MRHA was added to the M-sand cement mortar (by partial replacement of cement) at varying concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of cement; and NA was added at the rate of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by weight of cement. The results showed that the partial replacement of cement by MRHA (10%) improves the comprehensive and tensile strength by 7% and 6.9%, respectively, compared to the control. Moreover, the incorporation of NA in cement increased the comprehensive and tensile strengths by 15.5% and 41%, respectively. The optimal increment in the combination of MRHA and NA (MN) in the partial replacement of cement resulted in a 26.4% comprehensive strength and a 48.72% tensile strength compared to the control. The flowability of M-sand mortar containing MRHA and NA was observed to vary depending on the degree of dosage and the admixture. Our study concludes that the partial replacement of cement by the admixtures MRHA (10%) and NA (1%) in combination improved the strength and reduced water absorption when compared to the individual effects and control, suggesting the application of MRHA and NA in concrete technology.
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