This paper examines the relationship of 40 practices of innovation management lifted from Tidd et al. (2013, p. 634) in 477 Ecuadorian companies. The sample is from the period 2013–2014 and are divided into micro, small, medium and large enterprises. The management practices are divided a priori into 5 constructs (strategy, processes, organisation, relationships and learning). We then carry out a descriptive analysis, where the degree of the implementation of practices in the entirety of the businesses are stipulated. Later, we test a model with inferential analysis (multiple regression analysis) where the degrees of significance of the practices are determined within each construct and their relation to the size of the companies. The innovation management potential in the Ecuadorian business environment is also discussed. The results show, that companies are far from displaying constant management practices in innovation, as such, general recommendations for companies in the study are given.
Background: Doctors and the Sri Lanka Medical Association recognise the importance of do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation decisions and disclosure; however, few previous studies exist examining these practices in Sri Lanka. Resuscitation decisions have seen significant changes in the UK in recent years, with a legal imperative for clear communication and a move to understand patients' preferred outcomes before recommending clinical guidance. Methods: Participants from two Sri Lankan hospitals were selected purposively to represent a range of specialties and seniorities for semi-structured interview. Results: Fifteen participants of varying seniorities were recruited. The practice of do not resuscitate decisions and informing patients is highly variable; there is no definitive guidance published on best practice of these issues in Sri Lanka. Participants felt that inpatients were generally not aware of their medical conditions or treatments. With the poor social and palliative care service provision in Sri Lanka comes a pressure to involve families in the patient care, particularly at the end of life. This feeds into a culture where patient autonomy plays a subordinate role to family involvement. Participants understand the ethical need for do not resuscitate decisions, however, it is viewed to be a consideration for when the patient is close to death. Conclusion: Do not resuscitate decisions do not appear to be a prominent feature of end-of-life care in Sri Lanka and thus consideration of the appropriateness of resuscitation is commonly left late in a patient's deterioration. Education, inclination and respect for doctors are suggested barriers to effective inclusion of patients in their healthcare and end-oflife decisions.
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