Calcein was delivered from a functional coating into viable cells on top of it, upon the application of an electrochemical stimulus. The dye was loaded in liposomes stably embedded in a sandwich of polyelectrolyte multilayers. The covering multilayer was optimized with respect to its chemical composition to be resistant to galvanostatic conditions and to allow for cell growth. Additionally, spatial control over the release was achieved by two different patterning methods: (1) coating the indium tin oxide electrode by a micro-patterned insulator and (2) directly patterning the electrode. The release kinetics could be tuned by regulating the current density.
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