The lack of effective etiotropic methods of treatment and prevention of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), which caused the pandemic in 2020, determines the relevance of the review of researches of medicines for etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy. Most patients are diagnosed with pneumonia, the disease is especially difficult in people with concomitant chronic diseases, since COVID-19 leads to their decompensation, which can lead to death. To assess risk factors for mortality, scientists are developing programs to transfer the patient to appropriate treatment in a timely manner. This article analyzes the clinical efficacy of various agents for etiotropic and pathogenetic treatment of a new coronavirus infection based on data from international researches. Etiotropic medicines used at the beginning of the pandemic did not show their effectiveness in reducing the duration of treatment, the development of death, and preventing the transition to the use of mechanical ventilation. There are described researches of vaccines against a new coronavirus infection, developed in the Russian Federation, the USA, Germany and the UK, which showed the greatest efficiency (more than 90%) in preventing COVID-19. The World Health Organization initiated the international clinical research SOLIDARITY, according to which all medicines participating in the trials have little or no effect on overall mortality, the onset of ventilation requirements and the length of hospital stay in hospitalized patients. Now, only systemic glucocorticosteroids have proven effective against severe and critical forms of COVID-19. Thus, effective etiotropic drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 have not been developing, however, an active search for these funds and the development of vaccines to prevent the incidence of coronavirus infection are underway.
Currently, much attention is paid to pathogenetic methods of treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. As a rule, pneumonia is accompanied by a violation of the balance of formation and discharge of bronchial secretions. In order to normalize the drainage function of the bronchi, both pharmacological and mechanical methods of influencing the muciliary clearance are successfully used. The comprehensive use of the entire arsenal of therapeutic capabilities allows you to minimize the duration of the patient's stay in a hospital bed, as well as speed up the process of restoring impaired lung functions after pneumonia. The study was conducted in the pulmonology Department of the district hospital of the Eastern military district. The effectiveness of using the device of vibroacoustic influence on the chest using the BARK VibroLUNG device in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia was studied. In addition to the traditional therapy regimens, 5 to 7 sessions of hardware vibration massage were performed. In patients who received a course of vibroacoustic massage, there was a decrease in the duration of General intoxication, productive cough, and physical signs of lung tissue consolidation. Regression of the main clinical manifestations of pneumonia was accompanied by an increase in sputum discharge, simultaneously with a decrease in the time of its production. The main group of patients was characterized by the best time for normalization of acute-phase indicators, restoration of lung ventilation function, and resolution of pneumonic infiltration according to X-ray data. The use of a course of vibration exposure to the chest allowed to reduce the duration of stationary treatment by an average of 3 days.
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