The objective was to evaluate gas exchange and the leaf area requirement for yield in Cavendish and Gros Michel bananas. The cultivars Grande Naine, Calipso, Bucaneiro, FHIA-17 and FHIA-23, and two production cycles, were arranged in a completely randomized experimental design, in a factorial scheme, with five replicates. For the physiological characteristics, a 5x9x2 factorial arrangement was considered, with cultivars, evaluation periods and reading times. Cultivars Bucaneiro and Calipso require larger leaf area per unit produced and FHIA-23, smaller, which suggests a greater photosynthetic efficiency per leaf unit for FHIA-23, confirmed by the higher masses of bunches and hands and greater numbers of hands and fruits. Gas exchange varies with cultivars, evaluation periods and reading times. Cultivars FHIA-17 and Calipso, Gros Michel type, respectively showed higher photosynthesis and transpiration rates than Grande Naine, Cavendish type. Net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, quantum efficiency of photosynthesis, instantaneous water use efficiency and carboxylation efficiency are higher at 8:00 h than at 14:00 h. The month of June allowed the cultivars to express the highest values of photosynthesis rates, incident radiation on leaves, carboxylation efficiency and stomatal conductance.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the gas exchange and leaf area requirement for yield of six tall ‘Prata’ banana genotypes, under semi-arid conditions. The genotypes ‘Pacovan’ (AAB), ‘Pacovan Ken’ (AAAB), ‘Preciosa’ (AAAB), ‘Japira’ (AAAB), ‘PV79-34’ (AAAB) and ‘Garantida’ (AAAB) (four tetraploid hybrids and one triploid cultivar) were evaluated in two cycles, arranged in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme, with five replicates and four usable plants per plot. For the physiological characteristics, a 6 x 12 x 2 factorial arrangement was adopted, with six genotypes, 12 evaluation periods and two reading times in each period, arranged in a completely randomized design. Of the 12 phytotechnical characteristics measured, seven were influenced by the interaction between the factors cultivar and cycle. Internal CO2 concentration, net photosynthesis rate, instantaneous water use efficiency, carboxylation efficiency and quantum efficiency of photosynthesis recorded in banana leaves are higher in the morning, favored by higher stomatal conductance and lower leaf temperature resulting from the meteorological conditions, while transpiration and intrinsic water use efficiency increase in the afternoon. The hybrid ‘PV79-34’ has higher yield and production efficiency per unit of leaf area, associated with high transpiration, compared to the tall ‘Prata’ banana cultivars.
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