Resumo: Com o surgimento de automóveis e outros meios automotivos surgiu a necessidade de criar ou abrir caminhos que permitissem a circulação dos veículos, e foi a partir dessas exigências que surgiu as rodovias, estradas, avenidas e ruas. A partir desses conceitos a pesquisa tem por objetivo apresentar todos os parâmetros e princípios que envolvem a construção de uma rodovia. Através de consultas e pesquisas será apresentado todas as características, história, significados, e entre outros assuntos que irão descrever as rodovias.Esse trabalho também tem por objetivo apresentar como é realizado o processo para projetar uma rodovia, analisar, estudar, e determinar as características que essa rodovia deverá atender. Por fim este trabalho também irá estudar as diferenças entre rodovias nacionais e internacionais, e os diversos tipos de drenagens nas nossas rodovias nacionais, que ligam de norte a sul o Brasil.Palavras Chaves: Rodovias. Estudo de caso. Características das rodovias.
This study aims to introduce ultra-compact vehicles in the expanded center of the city of São Paulo through conventional car restrictions with the main reason to increase traffic flow. In line with the restrictions imposed by urban end-of-plate rotation, as well as load restrictions, this alternative seeks to discourage the circulation of oversized cars in the arterial and local expressways and to benefit mobility through ultra-compact vehicles. With this alternative, it is possible to reduce traffic by 30%. This feature optimizes the use of the streets of the expanded center of the city of São Paulo without the need to reduce the population that uses this modal day by day.
Brazil is one of the largest producers of biofuels in the world and the only country to have a vehicle fleet with more than 60% of flex fuel cars of the total number of vehicles, which is possible to use gasoline and / or ethanol [1]. This places Brazil in a leading position in the initiatives to reduce greenhouse gases, to be corroborated by the carbon intensity of the Brazilian vehicular matrix of vehicles that is already low (74.25 g CO2eq / MJ -well to wheel) when compared to most other countries. And this value can reach even lower levels of about 20.79 g CO2eq / MJ if a use of hydrous ethanol (94%) is considered [2]. However, today there is a worldwide trend towards vehicular electrification from the use of lithium and cobalt batteries and external power generation, which is often mistakenly adopted without assessing the context and the natural vocation of each country. Therefore, in order to support the development of future technologies of the automotive and energy industry, the present study aims to present and discuss the motivations of Brazil for the maintenance and expansion of policies to encourage biofuels versus the alternatives of vehicular electrification adopted in the countries developed to mitigate the effects of greenhouse gases (GHG).Chart 2: GHG emissions in Brazil and the world between 1990 and 2016 [Source: SEEG -Emissões de GEE no Brasil 2018 e ourworldindata.org]
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