Factors present at the time of injury can allocate patients into high- or low-risk groups. The majority of cases of chronic pain emerging from the high-risk group warrant more intense clinical attention. We recommend recording these factors in discharge documentation as indicators of persistent pain.

In the Intraoperative Hypothermia for Aneurysm Surgery Trial, neither systemic hypothermia nor supplemental protective drug affected short- or long-term neurologic outcomes of patients undergoing temporary clipping.

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Injured patients with a number of these factors may warrant increased monitoring and early triage to specialist pain services.

This study presents a lower incidence of painful post-amputation neuroma to those published in the literature. This may be attributed to improved methodology. The described associations require further investigation into central factors leading to neuroma sensitization.