Social work educators and practitioners have had an ongoing debate whether the profession is primarily a science or an art. The pendulum has swung back and forth, with the current tilt toward scientific explanations and formulations. Evidence-based practice is the most symbolic manifestation of this tilt. The authors propose an alternative approach to practice that integrates, rather than separates, the art and science traditions. Evidence-guided practice incorporates research findings, theoretical constructs, and a repertoire of professional competencies and skills consistent with the profession's values and ethics and the individual social worker's distinctive style. Major assumptions, as well as challenges, associated with the model are identified. A case example illustrates major concepts of the model.

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Ecological concepts and principles enable social workers to keep a simultaneous focus on people and their environments and their reciprocal relationships, not only in direct practice with individuals, families and groups, but also in influencing organizations and communities and in policy practice. Ecological concepts emphasize the reciprocity of person:environment exchanges, in which each shapes and influences the other over time. Ecological concepts are reviewed.

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