Fuselage panels are commonly fabricated as skin-stringer constructions, which are permitted to locally buckle under normal flight loads. The current analysis methodologies used to determine the post buckling response behaviour of stiffened panels relies on applying simplifying assumptions with semi-empirical / empirical data. Using the Finite Element method and employing non-linear material and geometric analysis procedures it is possible to model the post buckling behaviour of stiffened panels without having to place the same emphases on simplifying assumptions or empirical data. Investigation of element, mesh, idealisation, imperfection and solution procedure selection is been undertaken, with results validated against mechanical tests. The research undertaken has demonstrated that using a commercial implicit code, the Finite Element method can be used successfully to model the post buckling behaviour of flat riveted panels. The work has generated a series of guidelines for the non-linear computational analysis of flat riveted panels subjected to uniform axial compression.
This paper seeks to critique the methodology utilized by Gorard and Fitz in their work on changing levels of social segregation between schools. Demonstrating the extent to which their `Index of Segregation' is determined by overall levels of free school meal entitlement, this paper argues that their Index does not, as is claimed, reveal how patterns of school enrolment have changed over time. Their dismissal of the polarization hypothesis is thus contested on methodological grounds, but also with reference to both the wealth of previous, largely qualitative, studies cataloguing the detrimental consequences of marketization and our own conceptualization and empirical analysis of trends in free school meal entitlement. The paper concludes that, notwithstanding Gorard and Fitz's claims, the polarization debate is far from settled. The need to understand whether and how market processes advantage some individuals and groups at the expense of others remains of central policy signi® cance.
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