ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to determine the main factors (sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle and health status) associated with high Na excretion in a representative population of Chile.DesignNa excretion (g/d), a valid marker of Na intake, was determined by urine analysis and Tanaka’s formulas. Blood pressure was measured by trained staff and derived from the mean of three readings recorded after 15 min rest. The associations of Na excretion with blood pressure and the primary correlates of high Na excretion were determined using logistic regression.SettingChileans aged ≥15 years.ParticipantsParticipants (n 2913) from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009–2010.ResultsIndividuals aged 25 years or over, those who were obese and those who had hypertension, diabetes or metabolic syndrome were more likely to have higher Na excretion. The odds for hypertension increased by 10·2 % per 0·4 g/d increment in Na excretion (OR=1·10; 95 % CI 1·06, 1·14; P < 0·0001). These findings were independent of major confounding factors.ConclusionsAge, sex, adiposity, sitting behaviours and existing co-morbidities such as diabetes were associated with higher Na excretion levels in the Chilean population. These findings could help policy makers to implement public health strategies tailored towards individuals who are more likely to consume high levels of dietary salt.
Our findings show that active commuting is associated with lower adiposity and a healthier metabolic profile including lower risk for obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
The purpose of this study was to investigate healthy lifestyle behaviours across age categories in the older population in Chile. Data from 1,390 older adults (≥60 years), in the 2009-2010 Chilean National Health Survey were analyzed. We derived the following age categories: 60-65, 66-70, 71-75, 76-80 and >80 years. The association between age and compliance with healthy lifestyle behaviours (smoking, sitting time, physical activity, sleep duration and intake of salt, alcohol, fruit and vegetables) were investigated using logistic regression. The probability of meeting the guidelines for alcohol intake (OR trend: 1.35 [95% CI: 1.11; 1.64], p=0.001) and smoking (OR trend: 1.23 [95% CI: 1.13; 1.33], p<0.0001) increased with age, whereas spending <4 hours per day sitting time or engaging in at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week or sleep on average between 7 and 9 hours per day were less likely to be met with increasing age (OR trend: 0.77 [95% CI: 0.71; 0.83], p<0.000; OR trend: 0.73 [95% CI: 0.67; 0.79], p<0.0001, and OR trend: 0.89 [95% CI: 0.82; 0.96], p=0.002, respectively). No significant trend across age categories was observed for fruit and vegetables, and salt intake. The probability of meeting at least 3 out of 7 healthy lifestyle behaviours across the age categories was also lower in older age categories compared to those aged 60 to 65 years. Overall, in older adults the probability of having the healthy lifestyle behaviours of physical activity, sitting time and sleeping behaviours was low but not for smoking or alcohol consumption. With an increasingly ageing population, these findings could inform stakeholders on which lifestyle behaviours could be targeted in the older adults and therefore which interventions should take place to promote healthy ageing.
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Highlights• The proportion of the older population in Chile has increased from 6.6% in 1992 to 11.4% in 2017.• The probability of meeting the guidelines for alcohol intake and smoking increases with age • Chilean older adults were less likely to meet some healthy lifestyle guidelines such as performing 150 minutes of physical activity per week, spending less than 4 hours per day sitting, or sleeping on average between 7 and 9 hours per day.• The odds of meeting at least 3 out of 7 healthy lifestyle behaviours was also lower with increasing age.
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