This article examines Innovative Learning Environments (ILE's) in terms of its promise to deliver an inclusive environment. While ILE's underpinning philosophy is to be inclusive for all, it appears that inclusion serves the needs of a wider mainstream audience. The article considers the research in this area critically, with a focus on the inclusive needs of students with disabilities and asks-whose inclusive needs are best served in an ILE context? This article argues that inclusion in an ILE which addresses the needs of students with disabilities has yet to be fully realised, and that an alternative inclusive education (IE) paradigm is required that aligns itself with the new ILE pedagogical environment.
Demonstrations have been favored by the Army as a complement to more traditional training materials because they accelerate learning, stimulate interest, and communicate better than text. Unfortunately, demonstrations have received little attention in the research literature and there is little consensus on what constitutes a good demonstration. We describe two parallel avenues of research towards the rapid construction of effective demonstrations. The first avenue's goals are to: clearly articulate the nature and purpose of demonstration; compare related areas of research to identify factors influencing demonstration effectiveness; and define a set of component capabilities, guidelines and best practices for creating effective demonstrations. The results inform the second avenue's investigation of how a demonstration authoring toolset can be constructed from existing virtual training environments using 3-D multiplayer gaming technologies. Together these avenues inform our effort to create demonstrations for Army curricula. 1 2
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REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)
01-08-2005
REPORT TYPE
Annual Summary
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PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBERLong Island Jewish Medical Center Lake Success, NY 11042
SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)
U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702-5012
SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S)
DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited
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ABSTRACTA mammary derived growth inhibitor related gene (MRG) was previously identified and characterized. MRG induces differentiation of mammary epithelial cells in vitro and its expression is associated with mammary differentiation. Overexpression of MRG in human breast cancer cells induced differentiation with changes in cellular morphology and a significant increase in the production of lipid droplets. Treatment of mouse mammary gland in organ culture with MRG protein resulted in a differentiated morphology and stimulation of β-casein expression. To further define the role of MRG on mammary differentiation, a MRG transgenic mice model under the control of MMTV promoter was established and investigated. While there was no lobulo-alveolar structure in control virgin mice, expression of MRG transgene in the mammary gland resulted in the formation of alveolar-like structure. Consistent with the morphological change, expression of MRG also increased milk protein β-casein expression in the gland. Our results suggest that MRG is a candidate mediator of the differentiating effect of pregnancy on breast epithelial cells.
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