for help with so many important tasks. Thank you, also, to the families who have shared their experiences.

Drawing from and extending rejection sensitivity (RS) theory, we tested a serial mediation pathway model, whereby perceived parenting practices were expected to be indirectly related to participants’ depressive and trait-anxious symptoms through RS, as well as emotional and behavioural responses to rejection. Participants were 628 adolescents and young adults (M = 19.8 years, SD = 2.6, 65.3% female) completing self-report measures assessing current perceived parenting practices, RS, emotion dysregulation, emotion suppression, social withdrawal, and depressive and trait-anxious symptoms. In latent-variable structural equation modelling, a latent construct of more positive (and fewer negative) perceived parenting practices was directly associated with offsprings’ lower level of depression and trait-anxiety symptoms. Also, there were indirect associations of parenting via RS, emotion dysregulation, suppression, and social withdrawal, regardless of whether the model focused on depressive or trait-anxious symptoms. The findings provide further support of the importance for adolescents and young adults to perceive that they experience warm and autonomy-supportive relationships with their parents (instead of rejecting, coercive, or psychologically controlling relationships); along with providing an extended model whereby anxious expectations of rejection associates with greater emotional difficulties through negative responses to difficult emotions and the tendency to withdraw from such experiences. Together, perceived parenting practices and rejection-related beliefs and responses seem to activate a pathway to elevated depressive and trait-anxiety symptoms.

Objective: To develop a theoretically grounded measure of self-perceived ability to cope with stress in a flexible (i.e. non-rigid) manner and test associations with well-being. Method: Participants in Study 1 (N = 395, 17-56 years) completed surveys to report flexible coping with stress and well-being. In Studies 2 (N = 645, 17-27 years) and 3 (N = 558, 12-19 years), youth completed surveys with the 18-item Self-Perception of Flexible Coping with Stress (SFCS), and coping and well-being measures. Results: Three SFCS factors were supported, which aligned to the conceptualization including multiple coping strategy use (multiple CSU), coping rigidity, and situational coping. The SFCS subscales had good reliability and were modestly correlated with each other. Also, multiple CSU and situational coping were linked to better mental health, emotion regulation, greater use of adaptive coping strategies, and better self-worth. Coping rigidity was linked with more symptoms of anxiety and depression, more emotion dysregulation, greater use of problem-coping behaviors, and lower self-worth. Older participants reported they were higher in flexible coping and sex differences in multiple CSU and situational coping were found. Conclusions. The SFCS, a measure of the deployment of a coping "toolbox" that could allow individuals to respond adroitly to stressors, is reliable, valid, and associated with well-being.

Introduction: While there has been much empirical work demonstrating the deleterious effects of low self-esteem on adolescent depression, very little of this has been conducted in low-to middleincome countries. Furthermore, one's trait-emotional intelligence (TEI) has rarely been examined in interaction with self-esteem to predict adolescent depression. To address these gaps, the current brief report examined the interacting effects of TEI on the associations of self-esteem and depressive symptoms. Age differences were also considered given developmental trends indicating significant variability in depression across adolescence. Methods: A cross-sectional sample of 334 Jamaican adolescents aged 10-18 years (M = 14.74, SD = 1.95, 51% boys) completed surveys measuring self-esteem, TEI and depressive symptoms.Results & conclusions: Older adolescents reported greater depressive symptoms and less self-esteem compared to younger adolescents, and correlations showed that less self-esteem and TEI associated with more depressive symptoms. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed a significant three-way interaction whereby the buffering effect of TEI on the association of selfesteem and depressive symptoms was different for younger vs older adolescents. The findings provide further support for the effects of self-esteem and TEI on depressive symptoms, and indicate the importance for future studies in the Caribbean to examine these associations over time given the significant age differences revealed.Developmental trends indicate that depression, a debilitating emotional disorder, typically originates in late childhood and early adolescence, with steep rates of increase noticed after puberty (Hankin et al., 2015;Rudolph, 2017;Vannucci, Flannery, & Ohannessian, 2018). Additionally, research within Jamaica have indicated that 40.7% of adolescents report experiencing moderate to severe depressive symptoms (Lipps et al., 2012), with 15.5% of adolescents classified as clinically depressed (McFarlane, Younger, Francis, Gordon-Strachan, & Wilks, 2014). Given these percentages, it is crucial to identify which factors may serve to exacerbate the risk for depression during adolescence. One factor that has often been associated with heighted depressive symptoms among adolescents is low self-esteem (Gardner & Webb, 2017;Sowislo & Orth, 2013). In one study, Leung, Leung, and Schooling (2018) found that of the four self-esteem group trajectories identified, those adolescents who were not within the stable high self-esteem group (86.1%) also reported greater depressive symptoms across adolescence. Taken together, these developmental trends could indicate age differences in self-esteem and depressive symptoms that may be important in identifying which period across adolescence is at greatest risk.Identifying protective factors that may buffer the relationship between low self-esteem and depressive symptoms within the

Objective: Individuals who experience heightened rejection sensitivity (RS) are at greater risk of increased internalizing symptoms over time. This is especially so for adolescents and young adults, as this is a time of many social transitions and an average increase in such symptoms. Yet, little longitudinal research has explored specific mechanisms that may help explain how RS lends itself to increased symptomology during adolescence and young adulthood. In this study, we tested the summative effect of emotion dysregulation, expressive suppression, and social avoidance (i.e., ER-deficits) as mechanisms. Moreover, we estimated bidirectional temporal associations between ER-deficits and symptoms. Method: Participants included 402 adolescents and young adults aged 17 to 27 years (M = 19.9 years, 66% female) who completed two assessments over a 1-year period. Results: In a path model, participants who reported more RS increased in anxious symptoms, and RS was indirectly associated with increased anxious and depressive symptoms via the three ER-deficits. Additionally, cross-lagged panel analyses showed that dysregulation and suppression predicted increased symptoms over time, while anxious symptoms predicted increased social avoidance over time. Conclusion: These findings expand understanding of the role of RS in young people's increasing internalizing symptoms, implicating ER-deficits in these processes.

Guided by attachment theory of emotion regulation (ER), the current study utilized a person‐centred approach to identify clusters of individuals that differed in their attachment representations and ER, and further examined individual differences in socio‐emotional functioning based on these profiles. Participants included 658 emerging adults (M = 19.9, SD = 2.7, 65.5% female) who completed surveys measuring responses to rejection, friendship closeness, and emotional maladjustment. Five clusters were identified: secure regulated (19%), disorganized unregulated (21%), anxious unregulated (16%), emotive (21%), and avoidant suppressor (22%). Each group displayed unique patterns, with the secure regulated group reporting significantly less withdrawal, retribution, rumination, and emotional maladjustment, and the disorganized unregulated group reporting the poorest functioning across all indicators. Significant cluster × sex effects were also found for friendship closeness. These findings suggest the importance of considering attachment and ER, and implications for attachment theory and development are discussed. What is already known on this subject? Insecure attachment representations are a significant risk factor for poorer outcomes across development. Hyperactivating and deactivating strategies are maladaptive responses to coping with emotional threat. These strategies are an extension of the internal working model and positive correlates of poorer functioning. What does this study add? Previous studies have over‐relied on variable‐centred approaches to replicate findings of attachment theory. A person‐centred approach allowing for the joint consideration of patterns of both attachment and ER strategies. The identification of five novel profiles revealing unique differences in three important domains of functioning.

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Drawing from attachment and emotion theories, we tested a model whereby emerging adults' anxious and avoidant attachment would have specific associations with dysregulation and suppression of sadness and anger and would be unique correlates of emotional and behavioral problems. Participants were 383 (47% men) students between 16 and 23 years (M = 19.6, SD = 1.58) who completed a questionnaire to assess attachment, emotion dysregulation and suppression, depressive and social anxiety symptoms, and aggressive behavior. In a path model, greater anxious attachment was associated with more emotion dysregulation, whereas greater avoidant attachment was associated with greater emotion suppression. Greater sadness dysregulation was uniquely and significantly associated with depression and social anxiety but not aggression, whereas greater anger dysregulation was associated with aggressive behavior but not depression and anxiety. Also, participants with elevated attachment insecurities reported heightened emotional and behavioral problems. Anxious attachment had the most pervasive impact on all forms of symptoms, either directly or indirectly via emotion dysregulation. Yet, there was also evidence that a focus on regulation of sadness, relative to anger, identified unique links with depression and social anxiety, relative to aggressive behavior. Attachment, ER, and Adjustment 4 Common and Distinct Correlates of Depression, Anxiety, and Aggression: Attachment and Emotion Regulation of Sadness and AngerIn classic attachment theory, early childhood experiences with caregiving are described as the foundations for the formation of a general working model of relationships, which is also sometimes referred to as attachment orientation or attachment style (Bowlby, 1969(Bowlby, , 1973(Bowlby, , 1980Cassidy, 1994). By adolescence and into adulthood, the working model has been described as a general conception of the mental representations of the self (e.g., beliefs about one's worthiness) and others (e.g., expectations about the availability and responsiveness of others) (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007. Along with the development of a working model, early interactions, which include caregivers' assisting children in their nascent attempts to regulate emotions and, later, coregulation and support in self-regulation, are also described as essential for the later formation of intra-individual emotion regulation (ER) skills and competencies (Brumariu, 2015;Brumariu &