<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In July 2017, the system of Bergamo City Walls was registered in the UNESCO World Heritage List, together with other Venetian fortresses in Italy, Croatia and Montenegro. This important historical document needs continuous care and caution in order to be preserved complete, despite the continuous atmospheric and anthropic attacks, giving rise to dangerous deterioration processes on the artefact. The UAV photogrammetry is a suitable surveying method for such an extended system, able to collect all the geometrical, material and deterioration information needed for an effective maintenance program, also quick enough to allow for a repeated monitoring of the entire wall circuit. This paper presents the UAV survey campaign planned, and partially already completed, in order to test the methodological choices and solve all the operational difficulties to use drones in an urban environment, mainly because short distance shooting of nearly vertical surfaces was required.</p>
ABSTRACT:This paper aims to demonstrate the usage of laser scanning (in particular through a methodology based on the integrated use of the software "FARO© Scene" and "GEXCEL JRC-3D Reconstructor") as a valid alternative to traditional surveying techniques, especially when finalized to the restoration and conservation repair of historical buildings. The need to recreate the complex and often irregular shapes of the ancient architecture, by acting quickly and also being accurate, as well as the subsequent implementation of FEM (Finite Element Method) for structural analysis, have made nowadays the laser scanning survey a very useful technique. The point cloud obtained by laser scanning can be a flexible tool for every need; not a finished product, but a huge database from which it is possible to extract different information at different times. The use of numerical methods in data processing allows wide opportunities of further investigations starting from the fitting equations. The numerical model lends by itself to the possibility of usage in many applications, such as modelization and structure analysis software. This paper presents the case study of the Church of the Assumption and Saint Michael the Archangel, located in Borgo di Terzo (Italy), a magnificent 18 th century's building that presented several structural problems like as the overturning of the façade, the cracking of part of the vaulted ceiling. The survey, carried out by laser scanner (FARO© Photon 120) allowed the reconstruction of the exact geometry of the church, offering the basis for performing structural analysis supported by a realistic model (and not an idealized regular one), useful also in the design of repair interventions. RÉSUMÉ:Ce travail se propose de démontrer l'opportunité d'utiliser le laser scanning en tant qu'efficace alternative aux techniques traditionnelles de relevage (notamment à travers une méthodologie basée sur l'utilisation intégrée des logiciels FARO© Scene et GEXCEL JRC-3D Reconstructor); cela, surtout dans le cadre du projet de restauration et de réhabilitation des bâtiments historiques. La nécessité de recréer les formes complexes et souvent irrégulières qui caractérisent généralement les bâtiments anciens, tout en agissant rapidement et étant même très précis, ainsi que la nécessité de mettre ensuite en oeuvre la FEM (modélisation par éléments finis) pour le calcul des structures, ont fait aujourd'hui du relevé laser la technique la plus appropriée. Le nuage de points 3D est un outil flexible pour tous les besoins: non pas un produit fini, mais une énorme base de données dont extraire de nombreuses informations à tous moments. L'utilisation d'une méthode numérique pour le traitement des données, offre vastes possibilités dans le traitement des informations à partis de leurs équations. Le modèle numérique se prête à des nombreuses possibilités d'emploi dans plusieurs applications, comme le très versatile MIDAS. Ce travail présente une étude du cas relatif à l'Église de l'Assomption et de Saint Michel Archange, sit...
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Time effects and human offenses threaten cultural heritage. The constant observation and periodic maintenance activities are the most suitable safeguarding solution: they can limit risk situations and facilitate interventions. Today, planned conservation is thus the best pattern to preserve the monuments as focused on small preventive restoration: actions organized and structured according to steady and regular monitoring. The preliminary survey, the interpretation of metric and material data and the subsequent verification of the evolution of instability and degradation phenomena based on a comparison with previous information, is a long and expensive activity if carried out by traditional systems. Otherwise, 3D laser scanning and image-based reconstruction methodologies &ndash; if properly applied within optimized operational practices &ndash; can allow both the systematic control of assets’ conditions and the evaluation of their health status and decay problems in a short time and with lower costs. This paper intends to show the validity of such an innovative methodology through a case study applied to the former church and convent of <i>Sant'Agostino</i> (St. Augustine) in Bergamo.</p>
Abstract. The integrated survey carried out with both several technologies for the acquisition of metric data and information on materials and degradation pathologies, and procedures for data processing, offers the opportunity to be aware of the state of conservation of the built heritage following a procedure compatible with the protection and enhancement needs. The survey, if carried out in a quick way thanks to the recent videogrammetry software, ensures new and fruitful procedures for the cataloguing of monumental complexes for the purpose of risk mapping. Actually, the data captured by UAVs, together with the information obtained by the terrestrial measurement campaigns, if undertaken by the appropriate processes and the necessary skills, are an effective survey methodology for the criticality assessment of isolated architectural sites, like the strong medieval buildings which are still visible in the province of Enna, Sicily. Mostly abandoned and in the state of ruin architectures, which stand away from road infrastructure networks, they are often located in areas affected by depopulation, and risk to be forgotten and to disappear due to the inexorable passage of time. This work, through several case studies on relevant castles, wants to illustrate a project aimed at the knowledge and documentation of these important testimonies of the culture of the island, which only if suitably safeguarded and controlled would become the nodes of a widespread and sustainable tourist system, accessible to a wider public.
Commission VI, WG VI/4KEY WORDS: image-based 3D modelling, laser scanning, cultural heritage, documentation, conservation, colour ABSTRACT:The Church of St. Croce in Bergamo (second half of the 11th century), is a small four-sided building consisting of two overlapping volumes located in the courtyard adjacent to the Bishop's Palace. In the last years, archaeological excavations have unearthed parts of the edifice, until that time hidden because buried during the construction of the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore and now restored its original form. Due to the recent discoveries, a critical review of all the existing documentation in order to clarify the relationship of the various building components has been considered necessary. A quick, well-timed, chromatically characterized and accurate survey aimed at the complete digital reconstruction of this interesting example of medieval Italian architecture was then needed. This has suggested simultaneously testing two of the most innovative technologies: the 3D laser scanning survey ensuring high-resolution and complete models within a short time, and the photogrammetric automatic image-based modelling, allowing a three-dimensional reconstruction of the architectural objects. This paper intends to show the results achieved by the analytical comparison between the two methodologies, and thus analyse their differences, the advantages and the deficiencies of both of them and the opportunities for future enhancements and developments.
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