To verify the influence of axial length (AL) variations after cataract surgery in IOL power calculation. Patients underwent ophthalmic evaluation before surgery, including optical biometry with IOLMaster 500. Same exams were repeated 2 months after surgery: AL of operated eye was evaluated using two modes (pseudophakic/aphakic options). Mean Keratometry and AL changes were analyzed. Furthermore, refractive prediction error (PE) was back-calculated with Barrett Universal-II, Hoffer-Q, Holladay-1 and SRK/T formulas. To eliminate any systematic error, the mean error (ME) was zeroed-out for each formula. MEs and median absolute errors (MedAEs) of PEs were analyzed. Two-hundred-one operated eyes of 201 patients and 201 opposite eyes were evaluated. In operated eyes, mean AL difference was − 0.11 ± 0.07 mm (p < 0.001) with pseudophakic option and 0.00 ± 0.07 mm (p = 0.922) with aphakic option. There were not-statistically significant differences between MedAE of PEs calculated after zeroing-out the ME with different ALs (p > 0.05). Instead, only MEs of PEs obtained with postoperative ALs-pseudophakic option were not-statistically different from zero (p > 0.05). AL measurement change after cataract surgery is probably due to a systematic error in optical biometer in case of phakic eyes. A correction factor applied to preoperative AL could eliminate any systematic error in IOL power calculation without modifying the lens constant.

Purpose To detect any choroidal thickness (CT) change in patients after alpha-lytic drugs withdrawal that could help in the cataract surgery timing decision. Methods Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients (mean age: 76 ± 7 years) under alpha-lytic therapy, and 25 eyes of 25 control subjects (CS) (mean age: 75 ± 7 years) without alpha-lytic therapy, both scheduled for cataract surgery in the fellow eye, were included in this observational, prospective, non-randomized study. All patients underwent EDI-OCT during the first preoperative visit and approximately 1 month (range 28-31 days) after alpha-lytic withdrawal. In the CS group, the OCT during preoperative visit and approximately 1 month after (range 28-31 days) the first examination was performed. Data normality with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was checked and statistical evaluation with the Wilcoxon-signed rank test was performed.

Background Available evidence reports conflicting data on retinal thickness in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). In studies including healthy controls, PSP showed either the thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer, macular ganglion cell, inner nuclear, or outer retina layer. Objectives The goals of the present study were to describe retinal layer thickness in a large cohort of PSP compared to healthy controls and in PSP phenotypes using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The additional objective was to verify the relationship between retinal layers thickness and clinical variables in PSP. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, we examined retinal structure in 27 PSP patients and 27 controls using standard SD-OCT. Motor and cognitive impairment in PSP was rated with the PSP rating scale and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment battery (MoCA), respectively. Eyes with poor image quality or confounding diseases were excluded. SD-OCT measures of PSP and controls were compared with parametric testing, and correlations between retinal layer thicknesses and disease severity were evaluated. Results PSP showed significant thinning of the inner retinal layer (IRL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and the outer plexiform layer (OPL) compared to healthy controls. PSP phenotypes showed similar retinal layer thicknesses. Retinal layer thickness correlated with MoCA visuospatial subscore (p < 0.001). Conclusions We demonstrated PSP patients disclosed thinner IRL, GCL, IPL, and OPL compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, we found a significant correlation between visuospatial abilities and retinal layers suggesting the existence of a mutual relationship between posterior cognitive function and retinal structure.

Managing patients with neurocritical illness requires monitoring and treating elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), especially in cases in children. In terms of precise and real-time measurements, invasive ICP measurements are presently the gold standard for the initial diagnosis and follow-up ICP assessments. As a rapid and non-invasive way to detect elevated ICP, point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) has been proposed. The utility of bedside POCUS of ONSD to detect elevated ICP with excellent diagnostic test accuracy in adults has already been demonstrated. Nonetheless, data on the relationship between POCUS of ONSD and ICP in children are scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to point out the most recent findings from the pediatric published literature and briefly discuss what was assessed with ONSD ultrasound examination, and also to describe and discuss the diagnostic procedures available for optic nerve ultrasound appraisal. A search of the medical databases PubMed and Scopus was carried out. The terms such as “ocular ultrasonography”, “ICP assessment”, “children”, “point-of-care ultrasound”, and “POCUS” were searched. In conclusion, the use of the standardized A-scan technique coupled with the B-scan technique should be suggested to provide data that are as accurate, precise, repeatable, and objective as possible.

The purpose of our study is to see how beneficial is tea tree oil (TTO) for treating chronic blepharitis topically, with a focus on the Demodex mite. To discover all possibly relevant published papers, an accurate Pubmed database search analysis of the current literature was undertaken from 2012 to December 2021. Fourteen papers dealing with the use of TTO to treat chronic blepharitis have been found. The effectiveness of TTO treatment was tested in vitro by 4 authors and in vivo by 10 authors. All studied confirmed efficacy of TTO treatment, even cyclic, on Demodex mite blepharitis. TTO can be used for lid scrubs, facial cleanser, eyelid patch, eyelid gel, eyelash shampoo or, more commonly, as TTO impregnated eyelid wipes. The scientific evidence of TTO for chronic blepharitis treatment gives a lot of confidence for the progress that this treatment may have in the future clinical practice.

Objectives: To compare different methods in calculating the corneal radius (R) to be used in case of intraocular lens power calculations when it is immeasurable. Methods: The right eyes of 1,960 patients were randomly divided into 2 equal groups. The first group of right eyes (group A) was divided in three groups according to the axial length (AL) (≤21.99 mm, between 22 and 24.99 mm, and ≥25 mm). In these groups, the correlation between the AL and the corneal radius (R) provided three different regression formulas. The second group of right eyes (group B) was used to test the following methods of estimating the R: the regression formulas determined from group A, formula from Logan et al., formula from Stenström, the mean R calculated from group A, and the fellow eye group B. A Student paired T test was used for the statistical evaluation. Results: In case of AL≤21.99, the best results have been obtained with the fellow eye R, followed by either the regression formula or the mean R from group A (mean=0.00±0.09 mm, P=0.94, mean=0.05±0.21 mm, P=0.05, mean=0.05±0.22 mm, P=0.08, respectively). In case of AL between 22 and 24.99 mm, the best results have been obtained with the fellow eye R, followed by either the regression formula or the mean R from group A (mean=−0.01±0.09 mm, P=0.38, mean=0.01±0.21 mm, P=0.12, mean=0.01±0.24 mm, P=0.18, respectively). In case of AL≥25 mm, the best results have been obtained with the fellow eye R, followed by either the regression formula or the mean R from group A (mean=−0.003±0.08 mm, P=0.94 mean=−0.004±0.25 mm, P=0.85, mean=−0.004±0.25 mm, P=0.85, respectively). Conclusions: The new calculated regression formulas seem to represent a reliable method to calculate the R when it is undetectable, as in case of corneal dystrophies.