Background-The Ross operation is an alternative to mechanical aortic valve replacement in the young. Early dilatation of the pulmonary autograft root exposed to the systemic circulation has been reported. To define the prevalence of, risk factors for, and consequences of late autograft dilatation, outcome in all consecutive patients operated since May 1994 was reviewed. Methods and Results-Ninety one patients, 77 males and 14 females, with at least 1 year of follow-up underwent cross-sectional clinical and echocardiographic examination. Age at operation was 27Ϯ10 years (range 6 to 49), and the indication was aortic regurgitation in 54 (59%) patients and bicuspid valve was present in 62 (68%). End-points of the study were freedom from autograft dilatation (root diameter Ͼ4 cm or 0.21 cm/m 2 ), from (moderate) autograft regurgitation and from reoperation. Follow-up (4.0Ϯ1.9, range 1 to 8 years) autograft root diameters were anulus, 29Ϯ4 mm (18 -39); sinus of Valsalva, 38Ϯ7 mm (24 -53); sinotubular junction, 37Ϯ6 mm (23-54); and ascending aorta, 37Ϯ5 mm (27-54). Late autograft dilatation was identified in 31 (34%) patients and regurgitation in 13 (14%), 7 of whom had autograft dilatation. At 7 years, freedom from dilatation was 42Ϯ8%, freedom from regurgitation was 75Ϯ8%, and freedom from reoperation was 85Ϯ10%. Cox proportional hazard analysis identified younger age (Pϭ0.05), preoperative sinus of Valsalva (Pϭ0.02), root replacement technique (Pϭ0.03), and absence of pericardial buttressing (Pϭ0.04) as predictive of autograft dilatation, whereas female sex (Pϭ0.002), follow-up sinus of Valsalva (Pϭ0.003), and sinotubular junction diameter (Pϭ0.02) as predictive of autograft regurgitation. Conclusions-Autograft dilatation is common late after the Ross procedure, particularly in younger patients, in those with preoperative aortic aneurysm, and those having root replacement without support of anulus and sinotubular junction. Bicuspid aortic valve is not a risk factor. Significant autograft valve dysfunction affects a minority of patients, but it is more prevalent in those with autograft dilatation.
