Dental trauma occurs frequently in young people, and mostly occurs in conjunction with facial trauma. In the literature, there are still few reports relating dental trauma, facial trauma, and soft-tissue injuries. This research aimed to evaluate: (i) the overall incidence of dental trauma in 340 patients who presented with facial trauma over a 1-year-period, (ii) the epidemiology of these related diseases, and (iii) the most common dental trauma when a facial trauma was present. Of all facial trauma, 15.29% presented dental trauma, of which luxations and avulsions were the most frequent injuries (40.30% each), occurring mainly on weekends (38.46%) and in October (15.38%), followed by March and June (13.46% each). The sex ratio presented the proportion of 3.3:1 (M:F). Trauma occurred mainly in the second decade (44.23%). These results highlight the high incidence of dental and facial trauma, and suggest the importance of the adoption of appropriate prevention protocols and effective therapeutic methods.
Recebido em 7/11/97; aceito em 23/4/98 CHROMIUM CONTAMINATION IN RIVER WATERS CAUSED BY TANNERIES IN THE STATE OF MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL.In order to evaluate the chromium contamination from tannery discharges into rivers in the State of Minas Gerais, samples of water and suspended material were collected and submitted to chemical analysis. The total content of chromium in the samples was measured by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Water samples were analysed by standard addition method, while chromium concentration in suspended materials was determined by calibration curves. Localities investigated were Ipatinga, Matias Barbosa, Dores de Campo, Ressaquinha, Ubá and Juiz de Fora. Samples from a not-industrialized area were also analysed to obtain regional background values. Metal inputs were related to effluent discharges into the rivers. Suspended material transported Cr downriver. Chromium concentration in river water exceeded 656 times the value of the Brazilian Environmental Standards, while its concentration in suspended material ranged from 15 to 11066 µg g -1 .Keywords: chromium; tannery; pollution. ARTIGO INTRODUÇÃOO grande desenvolvimento industrial é um dos principais responsáveis pela contaminação de nossas águas, seja pela negligência no tratamento de seus rejeitos antes de despejá-los nos rios, seja por acidentes e descuidos cada vez mais frequentes, que propiciam o lançamento de muitos poluentes nos ambientes aquáticos, contribuindo para que as águas naturais se tornem residuárias (efluentes). O setor industrial constitui-se, assim, na principal e mais diversificada fonte de introdução de metais pesados no ambiente aquático 1 .Pesquisas devem ser desenvolvidas quanto à contaminação, por crômio, em ecossistemas aquáticos fluviais que recebem dejetos resultantes das atividades de indústrias de curtimento de couros (curtumes). Essa problemática decorre da frequência e necessária utilização de compostos de crômio, visando à melhoria da qualidade do couro. O aspecto bioquímico mais importante e provavelmente mais conhecido do crômio é a reação com proteínas, como a curtição de couros, que é a transformação do colágeno da pele em couro através do entrelaça-mento das protofibrilas do colágeno.A toxicidade do crômio depende do estado de oxidação em que é lançado no efluente. Existem muitas referências sobre os efeitos cancerígenos do Cr(VI), e outras sobre a possibilidade de íons Cr(V) também o serem; os íons Cr(III), entretanto, não parecem ter, diretamente, implicações tóxicas. Embora nos despejos de curtumes predominem os compostos de crômio trivalente, dependendo de alguns parâmetros característicos do corpo receptor, a oxidação de Cr(III) à Cr(VI), acredita-se poder ser favorecida, colocando em risco a fauna, a flora e a população que utilizam estas águas. Reações químicas que convertem o Cr(III) a Cr(VI) e vice-versa poderão ocorrer naturalmente no meio, embora a forma hexavalente, em geral, apresente-se em menor concentração 2 . Assim, deve-se considerar a possibilidade de despejos de íons C...
Dental traumas are reasonably common, especially in children and adolescents. This report describes two cases in which dental fragments were embedded in the lip soft tissue. Radiographs confirmed the presence of this foreign-body, which were surgically removed under a local anesthesia. Early diagnosis and surgical removal of theses fragments could prevent undesirable foreign-body reaction and scarring. The need in such cases for taking routine facial soft tissue radiographs and chest rx-ray before stating treatment is emphasized.
Caulim é um tipo de argila constituída principalmente por caulinita, sendo empregada na fabricação de vários produtos, tais como papel, porcelana, adubos, cosméticos, etc. Apesar de sua elevada importância sócio-econômica para o país, sua extração e beneficiamento provocam impactos ambientais. Para mitigar esses impactos existem leis, que atualmente exigem a elaboração de EIAs/RIMAs (Estudos de Impactos Ambientais/Relatórios de Impactos Ambientais), nos quais é imprescindível a inclusão de PRADs (Plano de Recuperação de Áreas Degradadas). É preciso que as empresas que atuam nessa área se conscientizem da necessidade da preservação ambiental e da necessidade de um desenvolvimento sustentável, a fim de poderem usufruir das ISOs 9000 e 14000, tendo o privilégio de possuir um "Selo Verde" de Qualidade Ambiental, o que favorecerá a comercialização de seus produtos em nível nacional e internacional.
Kaolin is a kind of clay mineral that essentially contains kaolinite. It is a very important mineral used in many manufactured products, such as: paper, porcelain, fertilizer, cosmetics and others products. In Brazil the extraction and processing of this kaolin are very important social and economic activities. On the other hand, there also exists an inherent environmental impact. Laws were passed to mitigate these impacts and today mining companies have to present environmental impact reports (EIAs/RIMAS) in which they have to include a plan for recuperating degraded areas (PRAD) to solve any future problems. From the global economic, environmental and sustainable development conscience, these kaolin mining companies operating under ISOs 9000 and 14000 regulations could have "Green Stamps" of Environmental Quality, which would give them an advantage in the national and international marketing
Within the limits of this retrospective study, it was found that low- power laser therapy with beam emission band in the infrared spectrum (808 nm) can positively affect the recovery of sensitivity after orthognathic or minor oral surgeries.
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